margin-right: 2%; case 'top': }
} Park on King is the other company - it has great parking reviews, on-demand shuttles, as well as EV stations. } white-space: nowrap; Phoebe Philo announced that she is launching her own label after spending three and a half years out of the spotlight following her 10-year tenure with Celine, and revealed that LVMH has taken a minority stake in her soon-to-launch label. LMH. Word of mouth also played a key role in recruiting new hosts. #responsive-menu-pro-container #responsive-menu-pro li.responsive-menu-pro-item a:focus { In markets with hosting restrictions such as Amsterdam and London, Airbnb introduced automated caps on host listing availability (von Briel & Dolnicar, 2020; 2021a; Ting, 2018a). background-color: rgba(64, 64, 64, 0); border-color: #212121; Financially, the pandemic did not affect Airbnb as badly as expected. #responsive-menu-pro .responsive-menu-pro-item-has-children ul:not(.responsive-menu-pro-desktop-menu-container) a:after { #responsive-menu-pro .responsive-menu-pro-desktop-menu-col-5 { Guests can also provide a more detailed evaluation in an open text field. Furthermore, we also encourage longitudinal work into the co-evolution of business models and contextual change in the tourism and hospitality context. The licensing signalled to tourists that they could trust these accommodation providers. Table 2.2 summarises Airbnbs value propositions to hosts who list space on its platform Airbnb.com, to guests who use the platform to book short-term accommodation and to all other service providers who support any of the core providers within the network. border-color: #3f3f3f; #responsive-menu-pro-container #responsive-menu-pro-item-386 .responsive-menu-pro-submenu-depth-1 { We started Airbnb in late 2008, right in the middle of the recession but Ive never ever experienced everything like this. menuWidth: function() { Tourism Management Perspectives, 20, 228-237. dropdown.find('a, input, button, textarea').filter(':visible').first().focus(); if (!$toggle.hasClass('et_pb_accordion_toggling')) {
Airbnb invested in Resy, a restaurant software partner it uses to enable guests to make dinner reservations directly through its platform (Ting, 2017e). Between 2017 and 2019, Airbnb enhanced its value proposition for two specific kinds of hosts (Superhosts and hotels) as well as for the broader population of hosts. In the early beginnings of Airbnb, personal contact was a key success factor in attracting new hosts. list-style-type: none; Airbnb China names new president, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/07/10/airbnb-china-names-new-president, Ting, D. (2018v) Airbnb struggles to balance its past and future, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/02/24/airbnb-wants-to-evolve-while-staying-true-to-its-roots, Ting, D. (2019a) Airbnb hires aviation industry veteran to lead new transportation division, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2019/02/07/airbnb-hires-aviation-industry-veteran-to-lead-new-transportation-division, Ting, D. (2019b) Airbnb is buying HotelTonight: Heres what that means, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2019/03/07/airbnb-is-buying-hoteltonight-heres-what-that-means, Ting, D. (2019c) Airbnb leads new $160 million funding for short-term rental brand Lyric, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2019/04/17/airbnb-leads-new-160-million-funding-for-short-term-rental-brand-lyric, Ting, D. (2019d) Airbnb is entering show business, investing in launching new shows, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2019/04/24/airbnb-is-entering-show-business, Ting, D. (2019e) Airbnb says its tours and activities gamble is winning, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2019/04/30/airbnb-says-its-tours-and-activities-gamble-is-winning. The Los Angeles-based company, which was founded in 2015, boasts some 30 million customers across 170 countries, and posted gross merchandise value, which represents the total volume of goods sold, of $2 billion over the past year as sales of sneakers and apparel surged., The buzzy platform made headlines early this year when it announced that it had welcomed a strategic investment from Groupe Artemis the controlling shareholder of Gucci, Balenciaga, Saint Laurent, and Bottega Venetas parent company Kering as it continues its expansion in fashion apparel and new categories. (It also garnered attention in connection with a settlement in the trademark lawsuit filed against it by London-based brand Goat Fashion.). At the very least, this identification process involves their telephone number and email address. This is going to hurt people just trying to make ends meet. Where this was not possible, or where it proved too expensive to acquire competitors, Airbnb reverted to its original growth strategy of personal door-knocking by teams of staff to proactively recruit local hosts in international markets (Yip, 2017). } The listing also directs people searching for accommodation to the profile of the hosts, and provides information about the neighbourhood, including tips provided by hosts themselves. transition: transform 0.5s; The reviews hosts write about guests who stayed at their properties are invaluable to other hosts when they are assessing whether to grant permission to future guests to book (Karlsson et al., 2017). } else { #responsive-menu-pro-container #responsive-menu-pro ul.responsive-menu-pro-submenu li.responsive-menu-pro-item a .responsive-menu-pro-subarrow.responsive-menu-pro-subarrow-active:hover { The Japanese market saw a concerted USD $30 million investment with an image marketing campaign centred on home-sharing, as new regulation for the sector came into force in 2019 (von Briel & Dolnicar 2020; 2021a). Alibaba Group Holding and Richemontannounced that they will invest $1.1 billion in online luxury fashion retailer Farfetch and its new marketplace in China in one of fashion/luxurys biggest M&A deals of the year. In addition to proving noteworthy because it brought together three very big names in the fashion sphere in furtherance of an effort that largely focuseson providing luxury brands with enhanced access to the China market, thealliance is striking, as it hasgiven rise to speculation about a potential consolidation, with at least some analysts wondering aloud whether the $1.15 billion tie-up could be a preamble a larger M&A effort, namely, Richemont merging Yoox Net-a-Porter with Farfetch or the Swiss conglomerate selling the fashion e-commerce pioneer to Alibaba. case 'left': The term key activities refers to standard operating procedures routine behaviours (Feldman & Pentland, 2003) that make it possible for Airbnb to make the value propositions discussed above. Retrieved on February 16, 2020 from https://www.airbnb.com/resources/hosting-homes/a/your-guest-or-host-may-have-covid-19-now-what-168, Airbnb (2020h) What is Airbnbs 5-step enhanced cleaning process? Sampson, H. (2018a) Airbnb is not launching its much-anticipated loyalty program anytime soon, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/09/27/airbnb-is-not-launching-its-much-anticipated-loyalty-program-anytime-soon, Sampson, H. (2018b) Airbnb co-founder wants to offer all forms of travel, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/01/08/airbnb-co-founder-wants-to-offer-all-forms-of-travel, Schaal, D. (2017) Airbnb faces landlord lawsuit that could impact its business model retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2017/11/06/airbnb-faces-landlord-landlord-lawsuit-that-could-impact-its-business-model, Schaal, D. (2018a) Airbnbs grand travel ambitions could be taking a detour retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/12/19/airbnbs-grand-travel-ambitions-could-be-taking-a-detour, Schaal, D. (2018b) Airbnb wont launch flights anytime soon, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/04/26/airbnb-wont-launch-flights-anytime-soon, Schaal, D. (2018c) Airbnb and major landlord settle lawsuit, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/12/11/airbnb-and-miami-landlord-settle-lawsuit-over-tenant-subletting-violations, Schaal, D. (2018d) Airbnb lobbying contributed to its Cuba win as hotels came up short, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/02/15/airbnb-lobbying-contributed-to-its-cuba-win-as-hotels-came-up-short, Schaal, D. (2019a) Airbnb will roll out policy that aims to protect hosts from scheming guests, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2019/12/17/airbnb-will-roll-out-policy-that-aims-to-protect-hosts-from-scheming-guests, Schaal, D. (2019b) Airbnb hosts will be able to pay to fast-track verification of their listings, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2019/11/15/airbnb-hosts-will-be-able-to-pay-to-fast-track-verification-of-their-listings, Schaal, D. (2019c) Skift forum Asia: China is on track to be Airbnbs top origin market by 2020, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2019/05/16/skift-forum-asia-china-is-on-track-to-be-airbnbs-top-origin-market-by-2020, Schaal, D. (2019d) Airbnb eliminates some guest fees to take on booking holdings, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2019/05/27/airbnb-eliminates-most-guest-fees-to-take-on-booking-holdings, Schaal, D. (2019e) Airbnb offers greater price transparency in Europe after regulatory threats, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2019/07/15/airbnb-offers-greater-price-transparency-in-europe-after-regulatory-threats, Schaal, D. (2019f) Airbnb expands Experiences into multiday adventures, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2019/06/13/airbnb-expands-experiences-into-multiday-adventures, Schaal, D. (2019g) Tour operators: Airbnb adventures knows distribution, not destinations, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2019/06/19/tour-operators-airbnb-adventures-knows-distribution-not-destinations, Schaal, D. (2019h) How can Airbnb guests live like locals if hosts are, well, corporations? This explains why Airbnb charges hosts only a relatively low fee for its services compared to other tourism accommodation distribution channels. excludedElements: "button, input, select, textarea, a, .noSwipe, .responsive-menu-pro-search-box" In such situations, Airbnb can unlock vacant unused space temporarily to help overcome accommodation shortages, while enabling locals to earn additional income. In a statement on Friday, as first reported by WWD, Toni Belloni, LVMHs group managing director thanked the Pucci family, and in particular, Laudomia Pucci, the daughter of founder Emilio Pucci, who has served as the Deputy Chairman and Image Director of the brand, for their friendship and collaboration over the years. In conjunction with the deal, Ms. Pucci will step down from her current role and dedicate herself to the archives and promoting the heritage of her late father., In a statement on June 10, Fosun Fashion Group revealed that it has signed a M&A agreement to acquire 100 percent ofSergio Rossi S.p.A from from Absolute Luxury Holding S.r.l., an independently-managed investment subsidiary of Investindustrial V L.P., for an undisclosed sum. #responsive-menu-pro-container *, Units in the apartment complex are designed with sharing rooms or rented out as entire units for up to 180 days a year. Optimally, key resources are under full control of Airbnb and, as such, cannot be imitated by competing facilitators of peer-to-peer accommodation trading. We detail the initial business model configuration (2008 2016), track experiments and different growth paths on the way to initial public offering (2017 2019), and finally assess Airbnbs COVID-19 response up to and including the organisations initial public offering on the stock market. isOpen: false, A source close to the matter said the French giant does not expect to raise its stake further for now, Reuters reported, noting that Tods founder and chairman Diego Della Valle has been a member of LVMHs board of directors since 2002. Sequoia Capital China has acquired a majority stake in Holzweiler to help accelerate the Norwegian fashion and lifestyle brands global expansion. Sharing economy, collaborative consumption, peer-to-peer accommodation or trading of space? Try Pro Free . Beyond that, Everlane revealed that the funding will enable the company to refinance existing indebtedness and provide incremental liquidity for growth initiatives as well as to pay transaction-related fees and expenses.. Airbnb also ended its partnership for the Niido apartments in March 2020 allegedly over disputes about their development but did not rule out working with other real estate developers in future (ONeill, 2020). } The Milan-headquartered luxury outerwear company will purchase 70 percent of Stone Islands parent company SPW from Chief Executive Officer Carlo Rivetti and other members of his family, [and] then buy the remaining 30 percent from Singapores state investor Temasek in furtherance of a two-step transaction. } #responsive-menu-pro li:hover > .responsive-menu-pro-submenu { #responsive-menu-pro-container { It also implemented several ways to augment guest stays, for example, offering Experiences in addition to accommodation (Gardiner & Dolnicar, 2018; 2021). padding: 0 0; .responsive-menu-pro-label.responsive-menu-pro-label-top, Airbnb started making its inventory available through Google searches alongside Expedia in 2019 (Schaal, 2019k, 2019l). background-color: rgba(64, 64, 64, 0); if ( ! Under the label Airbnb Plus, Airbnb featured a curated collection of inspected listings meeting specific quality standards from a 100-item checklist. #responsive-menu-pro .responsive-menu-pro-desktop-menu-col-4, HotelTonight complements Airbnb by not only providing additional capacity, but by offering rooms tailored to last-minute travellers alongside Airbnbs more long-term orientated booking offerings (Hamdi, 2019a). $accordion.removeClass('et_pb_accordion_toggling');
The first publications for each set are marked with a colour-corresponding dot. #responsive-menu-pro-container #responsive-menu-pro ul.responsive-menu-pro-submenu li.responsive-menu-pro-item.responsive-menu-pro-current-item > .responsive-menu-pro-item-link:hover { } #responsive-menu-pro-container #responsive-menu-pro ul.responsive-menu-pro-submenu li.responsive-menu-pro-item a:hover, Airbnb also ran advertising campaigns using a range of communication channels (Wegert, 2014) emphasising the advantages of booking Airbnb-listed accommodation (Davis, 2016), and targeted advertisements using Google, amplifying its own search engine optimisation algorithms. The Airbnb Community Defence Team spot-checks listings, and data scientists monitor trading transactions on Airbnb.com for any potentially fraudulent activity, and Twitter and Facebook posts for Airbnb-related distress calls (Gallagher, 2017). if( link.parent('li').nextAll('li').filter(':visible').first().length == 0) { Still, survey-based estimates in 2017 suggested that more than half of the travellers in Airbnbs home market had never used Airbnb (Carty, 2017). This is not surprising because the characteristics of a location affect the potential impact Airbnb has on it. At its core, the management concept of the business model is a description of how value is created, captured and disseminated by an entity, typically an organisation (Bieger & Reinhold, 2011). width: 100%; Airbnb has in place a range of mechanisms to reduce the risks associated with short-term space trading. New York. ), Peer-to-Peer Accommodation Networks: Pushing the boundaries, Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers, 244-254, DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-36120, Ravenscroft, T. (2020) Travel as we knew it is over says Airbnb co-founder, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://www.dezeen.com/2020/06/23/travel-coronavirus-airbnb-co-founder-brian-chesky, Reinhold, S. and Dolnicar, S. (2018a) Airbnbs business model, in S. Dolnicar (Ed. Meanwhile, efforts to establish Airbnb Plus as a certified collection of homes of the highest quality with great reviews and exceptional hosts were abandoned as Airbnb focused on consolidating existing listings and offerings (Schaal, 2020n). } #responsive-menu-pro li a .fas { } Darke, J. and Gurney, C. (2000) Putting up? Professional hosts also present Airbnb with challenges in terms of collecting the taxes and other fees mandated by local regulations (e.g., overnight taxes and resort fees) and complying with local hosting caps (ONeill, 2019a). These reviews are provided by other hosts, who have previously made space available to these guests. LMH. transform: rotateY(-180deg); .responsive-menu-pro-3dx-r.is-active .responsive-menu-pro-inner::after { #responsive-menu-pro .responsive-menu-pro-desktop-menu-col-7, This explains why the most restrictive government regulations have been implemented in such places, including New York, San Francisco, Paris and Barcelona. color: #ffffff; case 27: This key resource is not easy to imitate by competitors. In mid-2019, Airbnb reached a milestone with 1 million listings in the Asia-Pacific region (Hamdi, 2019c) and investments in OYO added more diversity and new inventory to its offerings in those markets. This development has not been welcomed by Airbnb hosts, especially those Airbnb hosts who have been the pioneers of peer-to-peer accommodation provision (Hardy & Dolnicar, 2018b) and have become used to interacting with humans at Airbnb. Airbnb highlights that compared to online travel agents after having machine learning match guest preferences with listings, processing is supervised by its service and support staff who can be contacted in case of problems (Ting, 2018g). Finally, with Tiqets, Airbnb invested USD $60 million in ticketing solutions for tourist experiences (Schaal, 2019i). #responsive-menu-pro-container .responsive-menu-pro-item-link, }, Experiences have centred on more conventional tourist activities like sightseeing compared to early high profile offers (Ganaishlal, 2019; Ting, 2017d). white-space: normal; In its communication, Airbnb emphasised the benefits in control over where and how guests get to stay and the limited number of other people sharing the same space compared to traditional hotels (Schaal, 2020o). min-width: 230px; Rather, it was the result of a long and ongoing learning and development process as the subsequent quote from Jeroen Merchiers (Airbnb Managing Director of Europe, the Middle East and Africa) illustrates: When the founders started Airbnb 10 years ago with a few air mattresses in their apartment, they had no idea what the company would become. Doganova, L. and Eyquem-Renault, M. (2009) What do business models do? Product Code: 103984402. return $(this.container).height(); display: none; } Rather, it is a description of the present moment. window.onload = function(){ We had a plan, and I felt great about the plan. The fashion-centric M&A deal is expected to close by the end of October 2021. The looming threat of coronavirus infection meant that guests faced an unprecedented health threat when travelling and staying at accommodation away from home. This is where Airbnbs secret search algorithms come into play. At the same time, Airbnbs success in getting tourists to trust peer-to-peer accommodation in general also makes it easier for competitors to build trust into their platforms, as the base level of trust for peer-to-peer accommodation has increased substantially since Airbnb first launched. #responsive-menu-pro-container #responsive-menu-pro li.responsive-menu-pro-item a:focus .responsive-menu-pro-subarrow { #responsive-menu-pro .responsive-menu-pro-desktop-menu-col-3, The sum of all reviews forms the hosts peer-to-peer accommodation network curriculum vitae (P2P-CV, Dolnicar, 2019), just as it does for guests. #responsive-menu-pro-container #responsive-menu-pro ul.responsive-menu-pro-submenu li.responsive-menu-pro-item a .responsive-menu-pro-subarrow:hover { left: 0; #responsive-menu-pro li .responsive-menu-pro-submenu.responsive-menu-pro-desktop-menu-container ul.responsive-menu-pro-submenu-depth-3, } Importantly, no two identical searches by two Airbnb guests will lead to the same properties being displayed. This is reflected in a favourable ratio of marketing expenditure to gross booking income. Farfetch has a really strong track record for acquiring really special, founder-led brands and celebrating and protecting that kind of brand equity, Grey said in statement inn connection with the confirmation of the deal. COVID-19 led to several changes in value dissemination because of the radically altered travel reality. #responsive-menu-pro li a .fab, ;
} The financial figures associated with the M&A deal remain undisclosed. Airbnb describes its own business model as. Finally, Chesky identified that an ability to learn was crucial to deal with the crisis as there were no prior reference points as to how a global internet company ought to deal with a pandemic crisis (Cox & Chon, 2020). #responsive-menu-pro-container #responsive-menu-pro li.responsive-menu-pro-item a:hover, border: 0; The subsequent sections portray and discuss the evolution of Airbnbs business model from its origins in 2008 to the alternate pandemic travel reality created by the COVID-19 pandemic in mid-2020. } margin: 0; } } In selected markets, Airbnb also partnered with tourism boards such as Visit Sweden for marketing purposes (Peltier, 2017). Airbnb reports back to the complainant at the end of this process. Airbnbs acquisition of the French concierge and property management company Luckey Homes is the first investment in parts of the extended partner eco-system surrounding the peer-to-peer accommodation platform (Schaal, 2018a; Ting, 2018o). Hosts benefitted from Airbnbs action to help them mitigate risk. } } border-color 0.5s, In a nod to larger implications of the deal, Violet Grey founder Cassandra Grey will act as chairwoman for the brand, while also becoming Farfetchs global beauty advisor and the co-founder of NGG Beauty, a division of Farfetchs New Guards Group, with both entities seemingly ramping up their intentions to launch into the beauty space. font-size: 14px; } In January 2020, more than two thirds of accommodation transactions involved verified parties from the Airbnb guest and host community (Schaal, 2020a). For both its merit and associated conflict, Airbnb has become an iconic, category-defining case study in industry and scholarly discourse (Dolnicar, 2019; Kuhzady et al., 2020). Airbnb enforced stricter cleaning procedures involving five steps (prepare, clean, sanitise, check and reset) and 16 specific tasks, such as washing hands and wearing a mask and gloves during the cleaning process, wiping down all hard surfaces, using the highest setting when washing dishes and laundry, and spraying surfaces that are touched frequently, such as door handles, with an approved disinfectant (Airbnb, 2020h). Airbnb also established host knowledge resources pointing hosts to national and local stimulus and aid packages, and lobbied for the inclusion of hosts in such relief packages (Spinks, 2020b). Many of these evolutionary changes were triggered by host and guest communities, as illustrated by the following quote from Greg Greeley, Airbnb President of Homes at the 2018 Skift Global Forum (Sampson, 2018a): The way that Airbnb is thinking about its evolution and the way that we think about it internally, about the different kind of extensions were doing, its very much by listening to the community, both the host and the guest and tying that back to, are we really driving great, differentiated innovative travel thats people-powered and centered around just a true great local experience.. }
#responsive-menu-pro-container #responsive-menu-pro-title { Airbnb did eventually pay hosts USD $250 million from its own reserves to partly cover pandemic cancellations (Schaal, 2020aa). The platform facilitator faced refunds of USD $1 billion at the start of the pandemic because its revenue model has guests pay their stay in full to Airbnb at the time of booking (Schaal, 2020u). The business model connects an organisations strategy with its operations (Bieger & Reinhold, 2011). (2010) Business models as a research program in strategic management: An appraisal based on Lakatos, [emailprotected]@gement, 13(4), 214-225. ), Peer-to-Peer Accommodation Networks: Pushing the boundaries, Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers, 194-204. #responsive-menu-pro li .responsive-menu-pro-submenu:not(.responsive-menu-pro-desktop-menu-container) li { translate = 'translateY(-' + this.menuHeight() + 'px)'; break; LVMH Mot Hennessy Louis Vuittonacquired the outstanding 33 percent stake in Emilio Pucci just over two decades after it paid an undisclosed sum for a 67 percent ownership stake in the Italian fashion house in 2000. if(all_links.href.search(/^http/) != -1 && all_links.href.search('www.thefashionlaw.com') == -1 && all_links.href.search(/^#/) == -1) { });
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Airbnbs second key resource is the trust-based relationships it has built with millions of hosts and guests globally over the years. event.stopPropagation(); } The transaction, which comes less than two years after brothers Eric and Michael Dayan successfully bid to acquire all of the bankrupt fashion brands assets via a court-administered process. The new project, DAmelio Brands, will create its own brands in a variety of industries including fashion, beauty and lifestyle that are 100 percent owned by the family, per CNBC. } Only 53 articles address the business model of Airbnb, with the first one published by Daniel Guttentag (2015). } ), Airbnb before, during and after COVID-19, University of Queensland. Other stakeholders and their roles in Airbnbs business model have received substantially less attention. margin-right: 0; It split its privately held shares in October 2020 (Schaal, 2020af). }); In addition to these searchable criteria which are coded in binary format on the trading platform, each Airbnb listing also offers a substantial amount of detail, including a detailed description and a large number of often professional photos. Innovation devices in technology entrepreneurship, Research Policy, 38(10), 1559-1570. Airbnb tried to address the concerns of real estate developers and landlords by introducing their Friendly Building Program back in 2016 (Ting, 2016). Sinemalar - HATAY Sinema salonlar - Vizyondaki Filmler - Iskenderun prime mall sinema. Forward is a startup redesigning the way we deliver healthcare using all the technologies healthcare has neglected: sensors, mobile, and AI. (2010) From strategy to business models and onto tactics, Long Range Planning, 43(2/3), 195-215. Gender, hospitality and performance, in C. Lashley and A. Morrison (Eds. For property owners who are not happy for their long-term tenants to sublet their properties, Airbnb does not offer any solutions (McNamara, 2015) owners are forced to find a solution within the framework of local tenancy laws. } event.preventDefault(); text-transform: none; font: inherit; Airbnb acknowledges that the decision to unilaterally refund guests may have raised doubts as to whether it still values hosts as partners (Neate, 2020; Schaal, 2020z). } (2003) Reconceptualizing organizational routines as a source of flexibility and change. The risks landlords and real estate developers face are similar to those of hosts: the short-term nature of the rentals is likely to cause more damage and more wear than is the case with long-term rentals, the body corporate or owners association may object to short-term rental activity, neighbours may complain about reduced safety given that new sets of strangers are given access to the apartment complex on a regular basis, and the likelihood of neighbourhood complaints is higher. position: relative; Feldman, M.S. Lowry, T. (2019) Airbnb creates opportunities for startups that fill the gaps in homesharing, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2019/05/01/airbnb-creates-opportunities-for-startups-that-fill-the-gaps-in-homesharing, Marion (2014) Airbnbs consistent rebrand focuses on the sense of belonging to a community, retrieved on January 14, 2020 from https://www.thebrandingjournal.com/2014/07/airbnbs-consistent-rebrand-focuses-sense-belonging-community. .responsive-menu-pro-open #responsive-menu-pro-container.slide-top { Lowering rates to draw in more reservations was not an option for most, as this has the potential to attract guests that disrespect the community standards and could ruin price anchors (Suttell, 2020). .responsive-menu-pro-fade-top #responsive-menu-pro-container, #responsive-menu-pro-container li.responsive-menu-pro-item a .responsive-menu-pro-subarrow { -webkit-transform: translateX(-100%); The aforementioned Tourism Advisory Board and Office for Healthy Tourism as well as the Community Compact and Policy Tool Chest address the concerns of regulators in Airbnb host contexts (Peltier, 2018a; Ting, 2018a). Between 2017 and 2019, Airbnb remained a private company, limiting the availability of reliable financial information. It is in Airbnbs interest to ensure that all key stakeholders continue to gain benefits to ensure that they will continue to assist Airbnb in creating value for hosts, guests and third parties. As demand for Airbnb properties increases and apartment complexes become more peer-to-peer friendly, property value in terms of both the sale and rental value also increases, putting owners in the position of being able to charge higher rents because of the short-term rental return potential of a property: landlords have already begun pricing the expectation of an Airbnb revenue stream into the rents they charge (Gallagher, 2017: 204). color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); } Airbnb tries to keep transactions and exchanges efficient, as operations scale and the complexity and volume of interactions between guests and hosts as well as with other stakeholders increase. This is possible if Airbnb collects a part of its service fee from guests (Ting, 2018g) but does not seem attainable if hosts opt for the host-only charges model (Schaal, 2019d) as we discuss under changes to value capture in period two. Sinemalar - HATAY Sinema salonlar - Vizyondaki Filmler - Iskenderun prime mall sinema. subMenuTransitionTime: 200, Although Airbnb is now well-established globally, its recruitment efforts are ongoing. As discussed in detail in the previous section, this diversification was implemented largely by adding diversity to the Airbnb inventory (luxury homes, rooms in inns, bed and breakfasts, hotels, etc. background-color: #3f3f3f; While an organisations business model captures the bigger picture, like business strategy does, the two concepts are distinctly different from one another (Bigelow & Barney, 2020). U.S. sports platform Fanatics has raised $700 million in a new financing round led by private equity firm Clearlake Capital, valuing Fanatics at $31 billion. background-color 0s 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1); #responsive-menu-pro .responsive-menu-pro-desktop-menu-image, These efforts preceded Airbnbs investments in OYO and HotelTonight, which would eventually add hotel room inventory to the platform in 2019. These include guidance such as setting up optimal listings, responding promptly and professionally to guest enquiries, dealing with complaints, complying with local regulations relating to peer-to-peer accommodation (Gallagher, 2017), and more recently cleaning properties in way that ensures no COVID-19 transmission between guests. When a host activates Instantbook, guests can book the accommodation without having to send a request to the host. } In Europe, the European Court of Justice ruled in two cases (C-724/18; C-727/18) that national or local requirements to register short-term letting are not in violation of European law (Parsons, 2020). link.parent('li').nextAll('li').filter(':visible').first().find('a').first().focus(); background-color: #212121; In a statement, LVMH revealed that in addition to taking a 60 percent stake in Off-White, it has entered into a new arrangement with Abloh to jointly pursue new projects across luxury categories.. var heroimg = jQuery(".single-post #cooler-nav .hero-img");
The final payment is due one month before the booking. In the New York region, Black and Latino founders received about 5% of total venture funding, slightly more than the 3% for the groups nationally, according to data from Crunchbase. Airbnb also partnered with WeWork to facilitate access to workspaces and meeting rooms (Sheivachman, 2017, 2018a). -ms-transform: translateY(100%); line-height: 40px; }
Most of Airbnbs communication is not personal, rather it involves its web platform, its app, email, and advertising. (212) 210-0100, ResortPass raises $26M on the promise of staycations, Coffee shop support platform Odeko brews up another client in 787, Enterprise software is one of the few bright spots in the citys tech scene, Sponsored Content: Crypto lays down roots in New York, The events of 2020 led them to become entrepreneurs. But they soon realized, as they hosted their first guests, that Airbnb can offer far more than just an air mattress on the floor. Table 2.9: Summary of Airbnbs key arguments in lawsuits by landlord and real estate developers (source: based on Ting, 2018s). In collaboration with rental conglomerates, Airbnb has developed models under which tenants are given the right to sublet properties on Airbnb within the parameters set by the owners (Gallagher, 2017). Hosts were unable to accept bookings unless they agreed to the stricter cleaning protocols, which required a minimum of 24 hours between stays, or a more rigorous 72-hour window between departing and arriving guests, to increase confidence in the care given to deep cleaning and inspire an emphasis on cleanliness in guest reviews (Schaal, 2020i; 2020j). opacity: 1; ), Airbnb before, during and after COVID-19, University of Queensland. Most of these articles do not analyse Airbnbs business model as an integrated logic of value creation and capture. Park on King is the other company - it has great parking reviews, on-demand shuttles, as well as EV stations. It established a Tourism Advisory Board consisting of industry and policy representatives to develop its long-term vision of travel and address its contribution to overtourism (Peltier, 2018a). $('#responsive-menu-pro a.responsive-menu-pro-item-link').on( 'keydown', function(event) { margin-bottom: 15px; The slight decline between 2019 and 2020 is likely explained by the cut-off of the search in July 2020. Airbnbs key arguments are shown in Table 2.9. Many landlords and real estate developers find themselves in the situation of being involved in the short-term rental business because their tenants list spaces owned by them on Airbnb. These aspects remain essentially unchanged, apart from the additions between 2017 and 2020 outlined in later sections. height: 39px; #responsive-menu-pro-container #responsive-menu-pro ul.responsive-menu-pro-submenu-depth-3 a.responsive-menu-pro-item-link { Airbnb put in place some measures to reduce the potential of disruption to the lives of locals, such as the neighbourhood support webpage (Airbnb, 2020c) where locals can complete a form stating the nature of the disruption. Retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/02/11/is-airbnbs-stock-market-debut-in-2020-still-on-track, Schaal, D. (2020h) Airbnb CEO to tech platform peers: Clean up your own content or the government will, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/06/22/airbnb-ceo-to-tech-platform-peers-clean-up-your-own-content-or-the-government-will, Schaal, D. (2020i) Airbnb CEO tells hosts success against hotel competitors hinges on adopting cleaning protocols, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/05/13/airbnb-ceo-tells-hosts-success-against-hotel-competitors-hinges-on-adopting-cleaning-protocols, Schaal, D. (2020j) Aitbnb to roll out santitization plan for hosts that would include 72-hour wait between stays, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/04/27/airbnb-to-roll-out-sanitization-plan-for-hosts-that-would-include-72-hour-wait-between-stays, Schaal, D. (2020k) Airbnb hasnt seen mass exodus of hosts over refunds, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/06/11/airbnb-hasnt-seen-mass-exodus-of-hosts-over-refunds, Schaal, D. (2020l) Airbnb adjusts rate structure for professional hosts to align with other platforms, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/12/07/airbnb-adjusts-rate-structure-for-professional-hosts-to-align-with-other-platforms, Schaal, D. (2020m) Airbnb CEO Brian Chesky poised for new era of travel redistribution: The long view this week, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/04/24/airbnb-ceo-brian-chesky-poised-for-new-era-of-travel-redistribution-the-long-view-this-week, Schaal, D. (2020n) Airbnb Plus is all but abandoned as a grand dream that never met expectations, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/05/29/airbnb-plus-is-all-but-abandoned-as-a-grand-dream-that-never-met-expectations, Schaal, D. (2020o) Heres what Airbnb is confidentially telling potential investors about a new survey, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/03/24/heres-what-airbnb-is-confidentially-telling-potential-investors-about-a-new-survey, Schaal, D. (2020p) Airbnb reinstates Domio listings after scandal cost CEO his job, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/09/26/airbnb-reinstates-domio-listings-after-scandal-cost-ceo-his-job, Schaal, D. (2020q) Airbnb suspends Domios host accounts and listings for allegedly violating its standards, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/08/19/airbnb-suspends-domios-host-accounts-and-listings-following-fraud-allegations, Schaal, D. (2020r) Airbnb ecalates house party crackdown a week after filing for an IPO, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/08/24/airbnb-escalates-house-party-crackdown-a-week-after-filing-for-an-ipo, Schaal, D. (2020s) Airbnb to ban or cancel one-night stays on halloween weekend to deter house parties, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/10/02/airbnb-to-ban-or-cancel-one-night-stays-on-halloween-weekend-to-deter-house-parties, Schaal, D. (2020t) Just in time for an IPO Airbnbs hotel business is benefiting from its house party ban, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/10/23/just-in-time-for-an-ipo-airbnbs-hotel-business-is-benefiting-from-its-house-party-ban, Schaal, D. (2020u) Airbnb CEO Brian Chesky was actively working on going public when bookings dried up, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/04/14/airbnb-ceo-brian-chesky-was-actively-working-on-going-public-when-bookings-dried-up, Schaal, D. (2020v) Airbnbs valuation almost halved to $18 billion, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/04/08/airbnbs-valuation-almost-halved-to-18-billion, Schaal, D. (2020w) Airbnb mulls trendy, non-traditional way to take itself public, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/07/22/airbnb-mulls-trendy-non-traditional-way-to-take-itself-public, Schaal, D. (2020x) Booking is in, Airbnb is out of Google vacation rentals, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/08/26/booking-is-in-airbnb-is-out-of-google-vacation-rentals, Schaal, D. (2020y) Airbnb mulls cash infusion from new investors, explained, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/03/21/airbnb-mulls-cash-infusion-from-new-investors-explained, Schaal, D. (2020z) Airbnb hosts express despair over policies and pandemic that shut them down, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/04/05/airbnb-hosts-express-despair-over-policies-and-pandemic-that-shut-them-down, Schaal, D. (2020aa) Airbnb CEO apologizes to hosts with a $260 million relief package, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/03/30/airbnb-ceo-apologizes-to-hosts-with-a-260-million-relief-package, Schaal, D. (2020ab) Airbnb grabs $1 Billion investment from Silver Lake and Sixth Street partners, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/04/06/airbnb-grabs-1-billion-investment-from-silver-lake-and-sixth-street-partners, Schaal, D. (2020ac) Airbnb files paperwork for its long-awaited IPO, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/08/19/airbnb-files-paperwork-for-its-long-awaited-ipo, Schaal, D. (2020ad) Airbnb suitor makes his case as an antidote to market volatility for a pending IPO, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/09/05/airbnb-suitor-makes-his-case-as-an-antidote-to-market-volatility-for-a-pending-ipo, Schaal, D. (2020ae) Airbnb to activist investor Bill Ackman offering to help it go public: Thanks, but no thanks, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/09/02/airbnb-to-activist-investor-bill-ackman-offering-to-help-it-go-public-thanks-but-no-thanks, Schaal, D. (2020af) Airbnb stock split pre-IPO will make it vheaper for individual investors, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/10/26/airbnb-stock-split-pre-ipo-will-make-it-cheaper-for-individual-investors, Schaal, D. (2020ag) Airbnb share price more than doubles in first day of historic public debut, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/12/10/airbnb-share-price-more-than-doubles-in-first-day-of-historic-public-debut, Schaal, D. (2020ah) Expedia launches a $275 million partner recovery plan thats very different from Airbnbs, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/05/28/expedia-launches-a-275-million-partner-recovery-plan-thats-very-different-from-airbnbs, Schaal, D. (2020ai) Airbnbs new endowment fund seeks to give hosts a piece of the IPO action, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/10/30/airbnbs-new-endowment-fund-seeks-to-give-hosts-a-piece-of-the-ipo-action, Schaal, D. (2020aj) Airbnb accused in lawsuit of ripping off hosts and guests with covid refund policy, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/11/05/airbnb-accused-in-lawsuit-of-ripping-off-hosts-and-guests-with-covid-refund-policy, Schaal, D. (2020ak) Airbnb slump means European cties can try to retake control of apartments, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/05/09/airbnb-slump-means-european-cities-can-try-to-retake-control-of-apartments, Schaal, D. (2020al) Airbnb fell flat last year on a marketing plan inspired by Booking.com, CEO Chesky reveals during IPO roadshow, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/12/04/airbnb-fell-flat-last-year-on-a-marketing-plan-inspired-by-booking-com-ceo-chesky-reveals-during-ipo-roadshow, Schaal, D., Stone, R. and Ting, D. (2018) Skift presents: The Airbnb threat who will ultimately win the online travel battle? var $accordion = $toggle.closest('.et_pb_accordion');
sub_menu.slideUp(self.subMenuTransitionTime, 'linear',function() { In an attempt to expand their network globally, Airbnb acquired businesses in the UK and Germany that imitated the Airbnb.com platform in the first period. background: #ffffff; width: 100%; #responsive-menu-pro-container #responsive-menu-pro li.responsive-menu-pro-item a .responsive-menu-pro-subarrow.responsive-menu-pro-subarrow-active { var sub_menu = $(subarrow).parent().siblings('.responsive-menu-pro-submenu'); height: 80px; Reinhold, S., Zach, F.J. and Laesser, C. (2020) E-business models in tourism, in Z. Xiang, M. Fuchs, U. Gretzel and W. Hpken (Eds. Adner, R. (2017) Ecosystem as Structure, Journal of Management, 43(1), 39-58. ), Peer-to-Peer Accommodation Networks: Pushing the boundaries, Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers, 205-214, DOI: 10.23912/9781911396512-3616, Hamdi, R. (2019a) New owner Airbnb will not dilute the HotelTonight brand, CEO of booking app says, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2019/09/20/new-owner-airbnb-will-not-dilute-the-hoteltonight-brand-ceo-of-booking-app-says, Hamdi, R. (2019b) Airbnb will invest up to $200 million in Indias budget hotel chain Oyo, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2019/04/01/airbnb-will-invest-up-to-200-million-in-indias-budget-hotel-chain-oyo, Hamdi, R. (2019c) Airbnb crosses 1 million listings in Asia-Pacific despite hurdles, retrieved on February 23, 2021 from https://skift.com/2019/05/27/airbnb-crosses-a-million-listings-in-asia-pacific-despite-hurdles, Hardy, A. and Dolnicar, S. (2018a) Types of network members, in S. Dolnicar (Ed. Assessing Airbnb listings agglomeration effect in New York City, Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 61(2), 128-141. Interest in the business model was triggered in the mid-1990s during the dotcom boom (DaSilva & Trkman, 2014). Also in contrast to other distribution channels, Airbnb charges guests the entire amount of the accommodation at the time of booking. Figure 2.3 illustrates the money flows for Airbnb and Homeaway (now VRBO) as per the first period, highlighting the benefits Airbnb derive from its model. $accordion.addClass('et_pb_accordion_toggling');
transform: translateY(-100%); #responsive-menu-pro li .responsive-menu-pro-submenu.responsive-menu-pro-desktop-menu-container ul.responsive-menu-pro-submenu-depth-2, } Exploring peer-to-peer accommodation host groups, Tourism Management Perspectives, 37, 100760, DOI: 10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100760, Hoffman, R. (2020) Masters of Scale rapid response transcript Brian Chesky, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://mastersofscale.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/mos-rapid-response-transcript-brian-chesky.pdf, Ifrach, B. Professional hosts are those that manage multiple properties that do not qualify as private, permanent residences. In total, 63% of the platform operators revenues originate from non-US listings, while Expedia Group receives 43% of its revenues from non-US sources (ONeill, 2020). document.links[t].setAttribute('onClick', 'javascript:window.open(\'' + all_links.href.replace(/'/g, '') + '\', \'_blank\', \'noopener\'); return false;'); break; if( link.parent('li').nextAll('li').filter(':visible').first().length == 0) { At the host level, Airbnb established a referral program through which hosts can earn travel credits if they successfully recruit another host (Airbnb, 2020d). Airbnb, therefore, put in place several risk mitigation measures benefitting guests, including a guarantee which entitles guests to alternative accommodation if the booked space does not exist or differs significantly from what was advertised. button#responsive-menu-pro-button:hover .responsive-menu-pro-open .responsive-menu-pro-inner, The introduction of Airbnb Adventures was marketed with an around the world promotional offer, enabling guests to travel to 18 countries on six continents within 80 days (Schaal, 2019m). At the time of booking, Homeaway only charges a deposit of a minimum of 20%. color: rgba(186, 186, 186, 1); On Valentines Day 2020, Airbnb realised the extent of the challenge it was facing, with activity in China the original epicentre of the pandemic declining by 80%. margin-bottom: -5px; display: block; ), Peer-to-Peer Accommodation Networks: Pushing the boundaries, Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers, 148-159, DOI: 10.23912/97819113965123611. top: 0; Our arguments and analysis are grounded in in public archival sources and industry publications detailing observable changes in the key attributes of Airbnbs business model. S. Dolnicar (Ed.
} display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box; } #responsive-menu-pro-container #responsive-menu-pro-item-9611 .responsive-menu-pro-submenu-depth-1 { .responsive-menu-pro-fade-right #responsive-menu-pro-container, width: 25%; Reinhold, S., Zach, F.J. and Krizaj, D. (2019) Business models in tourism state of the art, Tourism Review, 74(6), 1120-1134, DOI: 10.1108/tr-02-2018-0027. .responsive-menu-pro-3dx-r.is-active .responsive-menu-pro-inner { display: inline-block; The extent to which Airbnbs key resources can be imitated by competitors varies from resource to resource. Airbnb might earn interest on the funds held on behalf of hosts and guests, which would positively affect the platform facilitators cashflow (Airbnb, 2020e). This cash flow management model is also being used by Amazon; customers order and pay, then wait for days until the items they have purchased are delivered. } triggerMenu: function() { It should be noted that at the time of writing key developments are still in progress; the COVID-19 crisis is far from over and the short- to mid-term implications of the initial public offering unknown. .responsive-menu-pro-inner::before { In 2019, Airbnb reported 54 million active bookers, accounting for 327 million overnight stays and Experiences as well as 825 million guest arrivals (Airbnb, 2020e). #responsive-menu-pro-container #responsive-menu-pro > li.responsive-menu-pro-item:first-child > a { -ms-transform: translateX(100%); console.log(heroimg);
In addition to strategic initiatives aimed at growth, Airbnb also benefits from cross-pollination: when a traveler from France uses Airbnb in New York, he or she is more likely to go back to France and consider hosting, or to talk up the company to his or her friends, sparking awareness and ultimately leading to more listing activities in that market (Gallagher, 2017: 40). These perceptions determine to a significant extent decision-making in organisations because they allow decision makers to anticipate the results of alternative decisions. transition-property: transform; Retrieved on January 14, 2020 from https://partner.booking.com/en-gb/help/commission-invoices-tax/how-much-commission-do-i-pay, Borko, S. (2020) Airbnb gets more brand punch from its marketing spend, numbers show, retrieved on February 16, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/11/16/airbnb-gets-more-brand-punch-from-its-marketing-spend-numbers-show, Brown, M. (2017) Airbnb: The growth story you didnt know, retrieved on February 16, 2021 from https://growthhackers.com/growth-studies/airbnb, Carey, I. /* Status: Loaded from Transient */ position: relative; Kuhzady, S., Seyfi, S. and Bal, L. (2020) Peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation in the sharing economy: a review, Current Issues in Tourism, 1-16. } width: 41.66666667%; .responsive-menu-pro-accessible { case 32: return $(this.container).width(); padding-bottom: 5px; break; Retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/08/14/airbnb-and-vrbo-significantly-outperformed-the-hotel-industry-but-for-how-long, Spinks, R. (2020a) Airbnb blocks bookings in UK except for key workers, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/04/09/airbnb-blocks-bookings-in-uk-except-for-key-workers, Spinks, R. (2020b) Airbnb looks to extend $1 billion debt facility as slowdown hurts business, retreived on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2020/03/26/airbnb-looks-to-extend-1-billion-debt-facility-as-slowdown-hurts-business, Stone, R. (2018) New Skift research weighs regulations on Airbnb versus overall economic benefits, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/10/17/new-skift-research-weighs-regulations-on-airbnb-versus-overall-economic-benefits, Suttell, S. (2020) Airbnb hosts are moving on to plan B (and C and), retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://www.crainscleveland.com/scott-suttell-blog/airbnb-hosts-are-moving-plan-b-and-c-and, Sweeney, M. and Lynch, P. (2009) Classifying commercial home hosts based on their relationships to the home, Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, 6(2), 159-170, DOI: 10.1080/14790530902981563, The Economist (2012) Online house-sharing: Mi casa, su cash, retrieved on February 5, 2021 from https://www.economist.com/babbage/2012/07/25/mi-casa-su-cash, The Economist (2015) Silicon Valley: To fly, to fall, to fly again, retrieved on May 11, 2017 from http://www.economist.com/node/21659722, The Economist (2017) A unicorn apart: Among private tech firms, Airbnb has pursued a distinct strategy, retrieved on September 11, 2017 from https://www.economist.com/news/business/21722653-its-culture-cohesive-and-itsfinances-disciplined-among-private-tech-firms-airbnb-has, Ting, D. (2016) Airbnb launches trips, its big tours and activities gamble, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2016/11/17/airbnb-launches-trips-its-big-tours-and-activities-gamble, Ting, D. (2017a) Airbnb debuts new tools for a bigger cut of the $138 billion vacation rental industry, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2017/10/16/airbnb-debuts-new-tools-for-a-bigger-cut-of-the-138-billion-vacation-rental-industry, Ting, D. (2017b) Airbnb makes good on startup acquisition with launch of split payments for group travel, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from from https://skift.com/2017/11/28/airbnb-makes-good-on-startup-acquisition-with-launch-of-split-payments-for-group-travel, Ting, D. (2017c) Airbnb needs growth and to grow up before its IPO, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2017/12/12/airbnb-needs-growth-and-to-grow-up-before-its-ipo, Ting, D. (2017d) Airbnb touts growth of trips for foodies, millennials and solo travelers, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2017/11/21/airbnb-touts-growth-of-trips-for-foodies-millennials-and-solo-travelers, Ting, D. (2017e) Airbnb adds restaurant reservations thanks to partner Resy, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2017/09/20/airbnb-adds-restaurant-reservations-thanks-to-partner-resy, Ting, D. (2017f) Airbnb is getting a $200 million boost to build its hotel-like apartment business, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2017/12/18/Airbnb-is-getting-a-$200-million-boost-to-build-its-hotel-like-apartment-business, Ting, D. (2017g) Airbnbs bed-and-breakfast deal highlights its bigger ambitions in accommodations, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2017/12/14/airbnbs-bed-breakfast-deal-highlights-its-bigger-ambitions-in-accommodations, Ting, D. (2017h) Airbnb buys accessible travel business accomable in its latest move, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2017/11/16/airbnb-buys-accessible-travel-business-accomable-in-its-latest-acquihire, Ting, D. (2017i) Airbnb growth story has a plot twist a saturation point, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2017/11/15/airbnb-growth-story-has-a-plot-twist-a-saturation-point, Ting, D. (2018a) Skift forum Europe preview: Airbnbs Jeroen Merchiers on the battle with Booking, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/04/23/skift-forum-europe-preview-airbnbs-jeroen-merchiers-on-the-battle-with-booking, Ting, D. (2018b) Airbnb CEO says company will ready for IPO in 2019, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/05/30/airbnb-ceo-says-company-will-ready-for-ipo-in-2019, Ting, D. (2018c) Airbnb Plus and everything CEO Brian Chesky just announced, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/02/22/airbnb-plus-and-everything-ceo-brian-chesky-just-announced, Ting, D. (2018d) Airbnb touts one of its most valuable assets as it prepares for IPO, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/12/03/airbnb-touts-one-of-its-most-valuable-assets-as-it-prepares-for-ipo, Ting, D. (2018e) This is how Airbnb plans to win over hotels, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/02/27/this-is-how-airbnb-plans-to-win-over-hotels, Ting, D. (2018f) Apart-hotels vie for higher profile in Airbnb era, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/07/26/apart-hotels-vie-for-higher-profile-in-airbnb-era, Ting, D. (2018g) Airbnb strikes deal to make a bigger hotel push, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/02/07/airbnb-strikes-deal-to-make-a-bigger-hotel-push, Ting, D. (2018h) Airbnb offers new tech support to entice more professional hosts, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/10/26/airbnb-offers-new-tech-support-to-entice-more-professional-hosts, Ting, D. (2018i) Airbnb is set to launch a new tier of select properties, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/02/13/airbnb-is-set-to-launch-a-new-tier-of-select-properties, Ting, D. (2018j) Sexist reviews on Airbnb in China prompt safety concerns, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/06/02/sexist-reviews-on-airbnb-in-china-prompt-safety-concerns, Ting, D. (2018k) Skift global forum preview: Airbnbs Greg Greeley on building a travel auperbrand, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/09/17/skift-global-forum-preview-airbnbs-greg-greeley-on-building-a-travel-superbrand, Ting, D. (2018l) Airbnb is quietly borrowing ideas from the hotel industry to build up its inventory, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from ttps://skift.com/2018/08/03/airbnb-is-quietly-borrowing-ideas-from-the-hotel-industry-to-build-up-its-intentory, Ting, D. (2018m) Tenants of the latest Airbnb-branded complex in Nashville feel blindsided, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/08/15/tenants-of-the-latest-airbnb-branded-complex-in-nashville-feel-blindsided, Ting, D. (2018n) Tenants of new Airbnb-branded complex in Florida feel blindsided, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/04/04/tenants-of-new-Airbnb-branded-complex-in-Florida-feel-blindsided, Ting, D. (2018o) Airbnbs deal for French firm could signal entry into property management, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/12/12/airbnb-buys-french-property-services-firm-luckey-homes, Ting, D. (2018p) Airbnb reports $1 billion-plus in third quarter revenue as IPO talk heats up, retrieved on February 18, 2021 from https://skift.com/2018/11/19/airbnb-reports-1-billion-plus-in-third-quarter-revenue-as-ipo-talk-heats-up, Ting, D. 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