Originally, the statement was printed on a seaman's discharge to indicate that he knew the names and primary uses of the main ropes on board ship. Since many salts were illiterate, keepers kept a talley of pints and quarts consumed by each sailor on a chalkboard behind the bar. It comes from the word for "meat", and the original meaning - comrade - has the sense of people who eat together. Yerba means herb, and mate signifies the gourd-like vessel from which you usually drink the tea. Can we determine a proper verb form of "exegesis" for Biblical scholars to use? They were outcasts, with no choice but to share hardship, and a vast majority were men, just like their jailers. Aussie mateship: Tracing the history of a defining cultural term Today, mate remains a favoured greeting among blokes in Australia, including those who might dust it off more in certain contexts, such as at football games. 14, 1918, Articles for the Government of the United States Navy, 1930, The Assault on Kwajalein and Majuro (Part One), Aviation Personnel Fatalities in World War II, Battle of the Atlantic Volume 4 Technical Intelligence From Allied Communications Intelligence, Battle of Derna, 27 April 1805: Selected Naval Documents, Battle of Lake Erie: Building the Fleet in the Wilderness, Battle of Midway: Aerology and Naval Warfare, Battle of Midway: 3-6 June 1942 Combat Narrative, Battle of Midway, 4-7 June 1942: Combat Intelligence, Battle of Midway - Interrogation of Japanese Officials, Battle of Midway: Japanese Plans Chapter 5 of The Campaigns of the Pacific War, Battle of Savo Island August 9th, 1942 Strategic and Tactical Analysis, Battle of the Atlantic Volume 3 German Naval Communication Intelligence, Battle of the Coral Sea- Combat Narrative, Battle of Tripoli Harbor, 3 August 1804: Selected Naval Documents. If you're German and would like to read a book with a painting a fan art of the show live at Twitch, Press J to jump to the feed. 26, USS Saratoga CV3 War Damage Report No. Or perhaps this most resilient of words in Australia has finally come to mean what it was supposed to have meant in the first place: friends around a table. From Broome to Omeo, Gday mate, howya going? is the familiar phrase all Australians instinctively understand. Originally, the jacob's ladder was a network of line leading to the skysail on wooden ships. Answers must be in-depth and comprehensive, or they will be removed. Is it perhaps Greek for "to make" or something? (prmt, -mt) 1. 'Mate' has taken its place. Smoking was restricted to certain times of the day and by the bos'un's. Alabama, Captain Samuel Nicholson: A Monograph [pdf], Capture of CSS Florida by USS Wachusett - Report of Commander Napoleon Collins, Capture of CSS Florida by USS Wachusett - Report of Lieutenant Morris, Caribbean Tempest: The Dominican Republic Intervention of 1965, Carrier Deployments During the Vietnam Conflict, Casualties: US Navy & Marine Corps Personnel, Casualties: US Navy and Marine Corps Personnel Killed and Injured in Selected Accidents and Other Incidents Not Directly the Result of Enemy Action, Change of Command and Retirement Ceremony of the Commandant Naval District, Washington, DC, Charles Morris A Man of Letters and Numbers, Chester Nimitz and the Development of Fueling at Sea, Christmas 1932 U.S. : a girl or young woman. Landing Craft From Troy to Tokio, Skunks, Bogies, Silent Hounds, and the Flying Fish, Slapton Sands: The Cover-up That Never Was, Smith, Melancton Rear Admiral USN A Memoir, Smoker Sat., July 27, 1918 U.S.S. But also bloodsport is a great movie. The territory of the Guaran people (present-day Paraguay the Misiones province of Argentina southeastern Bolivia southern Brazil and Uruguay), Pre-Columbian era. In the past people complained that the New Zealand accent was due to laziness or bad influences. Bogan is the most significant word to be created in Australian English in the past 40 years. 99 (1869) Authority Given to Fleet Officers, General Order No. The trenches of World War I combined all the elements that mateship was supposed to be about: the shared experience of hardship, the need to rely for your life on your mates, all enacted within the company of men. British seaman, apt to be ashore and unemployed for considerable periods between voyages, generally preferred to live in boarding houses near the piers while waiting for sailing ships to take on crews. Often, he shared this lofty perch with a crow or two since the crows' cages were kept there: hence the "crow's nest.". Dont worry its not a violent word it has nothing to do with blood.Bloody is a common word to give more emphasis to the sentence mostly used. The word poetry originally comes from the greek poiesis which means: a making, fabrication, creation, production. C The name of an island. 1 Austrian 6-pounder Howitzer - Plaque, No. All episodes of Season 1 are streaming on Hulu. On the ancient row-galleys, the boatswain used his pipe to "call the stroke." 41, USS O'Brien DD415 War Damage Report No. Appendix A: Chronology - January 1991 cont. With the passing of years, the "ditto" was dropped in favor of "ditty" and remains so today. The officer tasked with the care of the cloak and carrying into battle was called the chaplain or cloak bearer. How many transistors at minimum do you need to build a general-purpose computer? One ship would pass close to windward usually ahead of another, and thereby blanket or rob the breeze from the enemy's canvas causing him to lose headway. Australians are 172.53cm (5 feet 7.92 inches) tall on average. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. (If it's any consolation, the association with sailors/sailing dates back to at least the 15th century. The word roommates is still used to mean persons sharing a room, as these selected quotes from the Oxford English Dictionary show:. The French word "porte" meaning door, was used to designate the revolutionary invention. This form of slang meant only those in the know understood that me old China meant mate (China plate rhyming with mate). A toned down term to replace orthodoxy in sociology of art. How did mate become so Australian and what does it really mean. 4, USS Pittsburgh, A Forgotten Enemy: PHS's [Public Health Service] Fight Against the 1918 Influenza Pandemic. The first citation of the word in the OED is in 1656 in Hobbes' Elements of Philosophy by Thomas Hobbes: "Asymptotes..come still nearer and nearer, but never touch." Idk I just thought it was the Midwest version of say uncle like a I give up type thing, Matte means stop or wait in japanese, which was referenced in Bloodsport as I give up. 62, USS Quincy CA39, Astoria CA34 & Vincennes CA44 War Damage Report No. Mate. An early Low German spelling was "bumboat" and in that form it was taken up by American sailors. Mandarin is the biggest non-English dialect spoken in Australia. Is there one? A giant statue at Fromelles depicting just such a rescue is named Cobbers, another word interchangeable with mates. Does my grandmother "count" as a holocaust survivor? When the US Navy was established, the Americans carried on the tradition and adapted the rank of ensign as the title for its junior commissioned officers. An old Romany word, meaning "my good friend". Since the cloth was called dungaree, clothes made from the fabric borrowed the name. Influenza at the United States Naval Hospital, Washington, D.C. Only 21 likes on this comment? As late as the 19th century, however, it meant the extreme. It was a dire and often fatal torture employed to punish offenders of certain naval laws. 250 (1880) Establishment of the Office of Judge Advocate General of the Navy, General Order No. Having withstood a hail of derision from political foes, media commentators and feminists (Eva Cox said mateship evoked the smell of spew in the pubs mates going gang bang with some sheila), Howard finally conceded hed lost the fight only when the Australian Democrats wouldnt support the legislation. 1 Answer. Mate is used as a term of endearment but also frequently used to casually ingratiate oneself with a stranger or new acquaintance. just vulgar. Blue has not always been "navy blue." It's difficult to trace the precise linguistic history of any word, but "mate," in that sense, most likely entered the English language in the 14th Century through Middle-Low Germanic mt, roughly meaning "person you eat with." Each mid was supposed to take sun lines at noon and star sights at night and then go below to the gundeck, work out their calculations and show them to the navigator. Australian women are, Bogan is the most significant word to be created in Australian English in the past 40 years. No self-respecting boatswain's mate would dare admit he couldn't blow his pipe in a manner above reproach. Those that came to English via Old and Every January 26 people across Australia share food around the barbecue where this term of endearment is often casually thrown around. ", Copy of talk given by Captain B.E. A word for when youre discussing a topic and then take a detour to another topic before coming back to the topic at hand, Single word for the act of exercising discretion. Are there breakers which can be triggered by an external signal and have to be reset by hand? But what of women? Australian men are 179.20cm (5 feet 10.55 inches) tall on average. It's late Middle English, and before that Middle German. I put. It's late Middle English, and before that Middle German. It comes from the word for "meat", and the original meaning - comrade - has the sense of p The Battles of Cape Esperance 11 October 1942 and Santa Cruz Islands 26 October 1942, Battles of Savo Island and Eastern Solomons, Boat Pool 15-1 Manila, P.I. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. 6 - Other Federal Decorations (non-military), Ships & Other Units Eligible for the Korean Service Medal, The Navy Department A brief history until 1945, Navy Department Communiques 1-300 and Pertinent Press Releases, Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans - 2016, Navy Nurse Corps General Uniform Instructions 1917, Navy Records and [Navy Department] Library (E Branch), Navy Ship Procurement: Alternative Funding Approaches, Navy Shipboard Lasers for Surface, Air, and Missile Defense, The Navy's World War II-era Fleet Admirals, Needs and Opportunities in the Modern History of the U.S. Navy, Forward Presence in the Modern Navy: From the Cold War to a Future Tailored Force, Historiography of Programming and Acquisition Management since 1950 - Hone, Naval Personnel since 1945: Areas for Historical Research, The Social History of the U.S. Navy, 1945Present, Writing U.S. Most of those in the colony were still overwhelmingly men, about three-quarters of whom, in the early period, would never find a woman to marry. The origin of the word "scuttlebutt," which is nautical parlance for a rumor, comes from a combination of "scuttle," to make a hole in the ship's side causing her to sink, and "butt," a cask First European written record by Spanish July 30, 2022 by Sam Beresford. If ones mate in the old world included the sense of a partner from the opposite sex, it no longer applied for the majority in Australia. The word mate is not commonly used in American English. The word was used in the days of sail, also, but the intent was not hilarity. Honestly, I dont know, but I can tell you this. To achieve proper mate status, you have to have served in the forces or the police, otherwise you s All rights reserved. Usually, an effigy of a horse was constructed from odds and ends, set afire and then cast afloat to the cheers and hilarity of the ex-debtors. Although it had a very detailed entry in the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (the letter M was completed 19048) the Australian National Dictionary (AND) included mate in its first edition of 1988 thus marking it as an Australianism. I (part I), Building the Navy's Bases, vol. The old mate in ge-mate, after all, meant meat. Then, while paying back the ship's master, he worked for nothing but "salt horse" the first several weeks aboard. The Chinese word meaning a place of idleness sounds something like "gee dung." By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Today the expression "devil to pay" is used primarily as a means of conveying an unpleasant and impending happening. Commonly used to replace the word "mate". "Geedunk" is sound made by a vending machine when it dispenses a soft drink in a cup. These are some guidelines to assist you: Men use mate women NEVER do. The deck below the upper deck on British sailing ships-of-war was called the gundeck although it carried no guns. Although it had a very detailed entry in the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (the letter M was completed 19048) the Australian National Dictionary (AND) included mate in its first edition of. [CinCPOA Bulletin 93-45, 1945], The Diary of Michael Shiner Relating to the History of the Washington Navy Yard 1813-1869, Digest Catalogue of Laws and Joint Resolutions: The Navy and the World War, Master Chief Boatswain's Mate Carl Maxie Brashear, USN (Ret. Having been elevated from a closet to a room, it was called the wardroom. He then selected several uniforms of various styles and colors to present to George II for the final decision. A ship's husband was once a widely used term which described the man in charge of the shipyard responsible for the repair of a particular ship. variants or mate. Armed with this information, they proceeded to the gundeck to "gundeck" their navigation homework by simply working backwards from the dead reckoning position. But like a lot of British slang mate is a word that is used as much sarcastically as it is sincerely. The term mate originally stems from the German word gemate which means to share a meal at the same table. Shingles were relegated to naval museums -- but the slang term stuck. This practice caused a multitude of problems but some ingenious bosun solved one that tended to make reveille a hazardous event: that of distinguishing which bunks held males and which held females. 2 (part III), Building the Navy's Bases, vol. And solve it he did by piercing the ship's sides so the cannon could be mounted inside the fore and after castles. Oddly enough, "mind your Ps and Qs" had nautical beginnings as a method of keeping books on the waterfront. How Do Fungi Obtain Energy And Nutrients? 5 Answers. 47, USS Enterprise CV6 War History 1941 - 1945, USS Franklin CV-13 War Damage Report No. A French shipbuilder named James Baker was commissioned to solve the problem. Mate. Cunningham, US Navy Relative to events on Wake Island in December 1941, and subsequent related events, Narrative of Joshua Davis an American Citizen 1811, Narrative of the Capture, Sufferings and Escape of Capt. Is it perhaps Greek for "to make" or something? British sailors shortened the word to chit and applied it to their mess vouchers. One tradition carried on in the Navy is the use of the "chit." Although the term originally had a non-nautical origin. 1, War Damage Report No. It's use seems to have been preserved in nautical settings in the terms "mess-mate", and "ship-mate" and then spread back into general colloquial usage from there. When thrown over the stern, it would float pointing upward and would remain relatively stationary. Sites we Love: PCI Database, MenuIva, UKBizDB, Menu Kuliner, Sharing RPP, SolveDir, Problem converting even though clause to despite clause: Despite losing. Besides holding divine services, chaplains were charged with the instruction of midshipmen and the moral guidance of officers and men alike. 27, USS Chincoteague AVP24 War Damage Report No. When we say someone knows the ropes we infer that he knows his way around at sea and is quite capable of handling most nautical problems. The origin of the word "scuttlebutt," which is nautical parlance for a rumor, comes from a combination of "scuttle," to make a hole in the ship's side causing her to sink, and "butt," a cask or hogshead used in the days of wooden ships to hold drinking water; thus the term scuttlebutt means a cask with a hole in it. It meant friends of all types and included both men and women. I'm looking for a word that describes a thing that looks like another thing (both inanimate). Despite the negative This false deck may have been constructed to deceive enemies as to the amount of armament carried, thus the gundeck was a falsification. The crow's nest was situated high in the main mast where the look-out stood his watch. specifically what Arabic word do you mean? At the beginning or during the beginning? As they made the voyage to Australia, the convicts were surrounded by associates of the ships officers: the surgeons mate, the carpenters mate and all the rest. Mate has functional uses too: it is employed vigorously to fill lapses in remembering names when acquaintances meet. Arizona, Solomon Islands Campaign: I The Landing in the Solomons, Solomon Islands Campaign: II Savo Island & III Eastern Solomons, Solomon Islands Campaign: IV Battle of Cape Esperance, Solomon Islands Campaign VII Battle Tassafaronga, Solomon Islands Campaign IX Bombardments of Munda and Vila-Stanmore, Solomon Islands Campaign: X Operations in the New Georgia Area 21 June-5 August 1943, Solomon Islands Campaign: XI Kolombangara and Vella Lavella 6 August - 7 October 1943, Solomon Islands Campaign XII The Bougainville Landing and the Battle od Empress Augusta Bay, 27 October - 2 November 1943, Some Experiences Reported by the Crew of the USS Pueblo and American Prisoners of War from Vietnam, Some Memorandums Construction of Ships Frederick Tudor, Somers, essay on legal aspects of Somers Affair, Report of the Secretary of the Navy, 1898 Part 1, Report of the Secretary of the Navy, 1898 Part 2, Report of the Secretary of the Navy, 1898 Part 3, Report of the Secretary of the Navy, 1898 Part 4, Report of the Secretary of the Navy, 1898 Part 5, Report of the Secretary of the Navy, 1898 Part 6, Report of the Secretary of the Navy, 1898 Part 7, Report of the Secretary of the Navy, 1898 Part 8, Report of the Secretary of the Navy, 1898 Part 9, Report of the Secretary of the Navy, 1898 Part 10, Report of the Secretary of the Navy, 1898 Part 11, Report of the Secretary of the Navy, 1898 Part 12, Report of the Secretary of the Navy, 1898 Part 13, Report of the Secretary of the Navy, 1898 Part 14, Spanish-American War; War Plans and Impact on U.S. Navy, Special Order 1865 April 17 Assemblage of Officers to Attend, Special Order 1865 April 17 Navy Department Closure, Special Order 1865 April 17 Officers to Attend Funeral, Special Order 1865 April 20 List of Officers to Accompany Remains, Special Order No. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. When they call you mate in the NSW Labor Party, it is like getting a kiss from the Mafia, said Hayden. do you know anybody i could submit the designs too that could manufacture the concept and put it to use, Need help finding a book. What does the suffix "-mate" mean? 38, USS North Carolina BB55 War Damage Report No. Today, sailors lined up in clean uniforms on the quarterdeck when visiting dignitaries embark are still called sideboys, preserving another naval tradition. To ensure an accurate count by unscrupulous keepers, sailors had to keep their wits and remain somewhat sober. because I'm super confused as a native Arabic speaker as to how that's an Arabic word? 128 (1869) Exercises for Ships with Sails, General Order No. Why Do Americans Spell Colour Without a U? How can I fix it? 99 (1914) Prohibition in the Navy, General Order No. Semantic connection behind the etymology of "category?". Short-drag chanties, used when a few strong pulls were needed; long-drag chanties, longer songs to speed the work of long-haul jobs; and heaving chanties, used for jobs requiring continuous action such as turning the capstan. 2. Actually, it was an enlistment program of sorts; it means a person is salty and savvies the ways of the sea because he began his nautical career on the lowest ladder of the deck force. Irreducible representations of a product of two groups, Allow non-GPL plugins in a GPL main program. ), from Middle Low German mate, gemate "one eating at the same table, messmate," from Proto-Germanic *ga-maton "having food (*matiz) together (*ga-)," which is etymologically identical with companion. Besides being chiefs of police at sea, the sea corporals, as they were called in the British Navy, had to be qualified in close order fighting under arms and able to train seamen in hand-to-hand combat. Charley Noble is the enlisted man's name for the galley smoke stack or funnel. During these periods of unrestricted liberty, many ran out of money so the innkeepers carried them on credit until hired for another voyage. Naval Academy, The Sullivan Brothers and the Assignment of Family Members, Historic Former U.S. Navy Bases and Stations, The African American Experience in the U.S. Navy, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. Navy, Contributions of Native Americans to the U.S. Navy, The World Cruise of the Great White Fleet, Navy Underwater Archaeology Return Program, Annual Navy History and Heritage Awards - Main, Research Permits for Sunken & Terrestrial Military Craft, Scanning, Copyright & Citation Information, Obtain Duplications of Records and Photos, Title List: Each Letter as a Separate List, Abbreviations Used for Navy Enlisted Ratings, Abolishing the Spirit Rations in the Navy, Account of the Operations of the American Navy in France During the War With Germany, Action Report, Battle of Okinawa at RP Station #1, 12 April 1945, Action Report USS LCS(L) (3) 57, Battle of Okinawa at RP Station #1, Apriil 12, 1945, Advanced Intelligence Centers in the US Navy, Afghanistan: A Short Account by P.F. 372 (1889) Order for Official Communications, General Order No. This one is often heard as a quick follow-up to the word Cheers. Partner. Nothing much has changed. Their primary duties included carrying orders from the officers, quartered in the stern, to the crew, quartered in the fo'c'sle. This isnt to argue that such a culture didnt similarly develop in other settler societies, notably New Zealand, but in Australia it acquired a particularly pungent masculine odour.. To make the leap to today, we might think about friends gathered around a barbecue. There is a variation on this in the Isle of Wight and Hampshire, where people are called mateys. I have heard a matey, meaning a guy, and docky Just how offensive are the terms retarded and gay? It is interesting to note that mids (the term middie went out of use only recently) back in the days of sail could begin their naval careers at the ripe old age of eight. The crew gathered in a line along one side and then ran athwartships from port to starboard and back and forth until the vessel began to roll. Later anyone telling a tale was said to be "spinning a yarn," a cherished naval tradition. Some, however, still adhere to tradition and break out the ditty bag for an afternoon of uniform PMS [Preventative Maintenance Schedule]. This one is partially true. This phrase is. As any able-bodied seaman can tell you, a turn of a line around a bitt, those wooden or iron posts sticking through a ship's deck, is called a bitter. From the late 18th century through the 19th century, Aboriginal people were treated with violence, contempt and, at best, patronising praise or sympathy. King George, unable to decide on either style or color, finally chose a blue and white uniform because they were the favorite color combinations of the first lord's wife, Duchess of Bedford. sod off (BrE taboo slang) (usually used in orders) to go away: Sod off the pair of you! An offender was securely bound both hand and foot and had heavy weights attached to his body. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Actually, bokoo is a legitimate French word, "beaucoup," meaning "very many." Our own limited and unscientific survey suggests the use of mate among women is complicated. 29, USS San Francisco CA38 War Damage Report No. Mate (noun) So mate is British slang for a friend. Mate made its way in the 1300s to Middle English from the Middle Low German ge-mate, meaning the act of eating at the same table. The suffix also can mark adjectives formed from Latin past participles in -atus, -ata (such as desolate, moderate, separate); again, they often were adopted in Middle English as -at, with an -e appended after c. 1400. c. 1600, "to select by lot and put to death every tenth man," from Latin decimatus., Answered by user121863 on December 10, 2020, 0 Asked on February 16, 2021 by anil-kumar, clauses dependent clause subordinate clauses, offensive language sexual minorities speech, 1 Asked on February 16, 2021 by fla-brites, derivational morphology greek neologisms single word requests terminology, 1 Asked on February 16, 2021 by prepostelicious, active voice grammar ielts passive voice, 2 Asked on February 16, 2021 by xconspirisist, gerunds grammaticality negation word order, 1 Asked on February 16, 2021 by gui-junkie, 2 Asked on February 16, 2021 by taliesinmerlin, 4 Asked on February 16, 2021 by elpharaoh, 1 Asked on February 15, 2021 by vadim-galygin, 2022 AnswerBun.com. The often vicious anti-Chinese sentiment of the time morphed into Australias long-lasting official White Australia policy. Our English word is derived directly from the Moorish. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Students rarely shared houses in those days, and when they did, they were called housemates. Today, we measure knots with electronic devices, but 200 years ago such devices were unknown. There are few of us who have not at one time or another been admonished to "mind our Ps and Qs," or in other words, to behave our best. That's because these are not English morphemes. "Midshipmen" originally referred to the youngsters aboard British Navy vessels who were in training to become naval officers. The origin of the term is somewhat obscure, but at the risk of gundecking, here are two plausible explanations for its modern usage. Knots which had passed over the side were counted. Pash: A passionate kiss. Where is it documented? 230 (1877) Special Shore Service and Duty, General Order No. Even today in our nuclear Navy, sailors can be seen "guesstimating" the length of line by using the Anglo Saxon fingertip method; crude but still reliable. what are some physical characteristics of the sun. Nautical usage has somewhat expanded the original definition in that today the end of any line, secured to bitts or not, is called a bitter end. He was allegedly referring to a lawyer with questionable connections, and a magistrate to whom he allegedly uttered the question over the phone felt that Murphy was trying to get an improper deal for his mate. Alabama by U.S.S. The old Middle Low German ge-mate means to eat around the same table and the mate bit meant meat, too. To free her, the order was given to "sally ship." What does the -mate suffix mean and where does it come from? 123 (1869) Uniform Change for Masters, Ensigns & Midshipmen, General Order No. What is the historical origin of the word 'mate'? Barnabas Lincoln, Narrative of the March and Operations of the Army of the Indus, Narrative of the United States' Expedition to the River Jordan and the Dead Sea, Navajo Code Talkers: World War II Fact Sheet. Yerba Mate is a composition of Spanish words. The officer of the deck instructed the bos'un's to rig a chair hoist from a yardarm and, with much heaving and hoeing, the VIPs were hoisted aboard much like casks of salt horse. So essential was this signaling device to the well-being of the ship, that it became a badge of office and honor in the British and American Navy of the sailing ships. The term mate originally stems from the German word gemate which means to share a meal at the same table. 135 (1911) Definitions of Well-known Naval Terms, General Order No. Flinders wrote that Bungaree was a worthy and brave fellow, but when the explorer came to write a book detailing his adventures, it was about his shipmate Trim his cat. In the days of sail, the MAAs were truly "masters at arms." Dungarees worn by sailors of the Continental Navy were cut directly from old sails and remained tan in color just has they had been when filled with wind. Slang word most often used by Britain, New Zealand and Australia. Cramped quarters, poor unpalatable food, bad lighting and boredom were hard facts of sea life. Tom Jones (left) and Henry McLachlan (right) help Norm Glover make it the end of the Anzac Day march in Sydney in 1991.Credit:Michele Mossop. The word, thus, was everywhere among those imprisoned and transported. Example: American: Hey Mate. Where did the English 'indefinite article' come from, and why? The cloak was preserved since it was believed to have been shared with Christ, and became the sacred banner of French kings. The log line was allowed to run free over the side for 28 seconds and then hauled on board. Through the years the phrase's meaning has changed somewhat. Used as a form of address by sailors, laborers, etc., since at least mid-15c. Why does the distance from light to subject affect exposure (inverse square law) while from subject to lens does not? 93-16], Riverine Warfare: The US Navy's Operations on Inland Waters, Rocks and Shoals: Articles for the Government of the U.S. Navy, The Recruitment of African Americans in the US Navy 1839, The Role of COMINT in the Battle of Midway, The Role of the United States Navy in the Formation and Development of the Federal German Navy, 1945-1970, Royal Works USS Lexington [Crossing the Line 1936], Rules for the Regulation of the Navy - 1775, The Russian Navy Visits the United States, A Sampling of U.S. The picturesque sound of the word "bokoo" may cause one to wonder how it came to mean "many" or "a lot." A jacob's ladder is a portable ladder made of rope or metal and used primarily as an aid in boarding ship. It comes from the word sloviti which means to speak. Fathom was originally a land measuring term derived from the Anglo Saxon word "faetm" meaning literally the embracing arms or to embrace. It is related to maat in both Proto-Germanic and Dutch, meaning partner, colleague or friend. The smoking lamp was centrally located for the convenience of all and was the only authorized light aboard. The etymology of 'substance'. The 1800-2000 four-hour watch was originally split to prevent men from always having to stand the same watches daily. Something like No way, mate or Whatever, mate.. English Language & Usage Asked on December 10, 2020. The term knot or nautical mile, is used world-wide to denote one's speed through water. They were business mates in very lonely places, and to retain that mateship and trust for both practical and social purposes each would be prepared to defend the other in a tight spot. 9-29-322, Unit 296 B.S. Another, aged 40, said there were several different ways in which mate was used among women she knew. A friend and I are arguing, she claims Australia came up with 'mate' as a friendly colloquial term, I claim that England did, that it is derived from It may be derived from the German word "tunk" meaning to dip or sop either in gravy or coffee. Some believe the term is a derivation of the French word "chanter" which means "to sing." In the US Army the lowest ranking officer was originally called "ensign" because he, like the squire of old, would one day lead troops into battle and was training to that end. The Navy adhered to the custom up to the years immediately after World War II; men used Wednesday afternoon for personal errands like picking up their laundry and getting haircuts. Mate is, Innit usually pronounced that way usually with a regional accent of some kind often with, Innit is an abbreviation of isnt it most commonly used amongst teenagers and young people. 58, Summary of War Damage to U. S. Battleships, Carriers, Cruisers and Destroyers 17 October, 1941 to 7 December, 1942, USS Birmingham CL62 War Damage Report No. British: No you can't use that, stop trying to be cool and stuff, it just fails, be an American and say something like 'Hey fatty'. Gambling and drinking became wildly popular, writes Nick Dyrenfurth in Mateship. pron. Monitor and the C.S.S. Previously, they messed in their own cabins although they were frequently invited to dine with the captain. Eventually, it came to mean any opening in a ship's side whether for cannon or not. 2 Appendix, Main Navy Building: Its Construction and Original Occupants, Manual of Information Concerning Employments for the Panama Canal Service, Master File Drawings of German Naval Vessels, Matthew Fontaine Maury: Benefactor of Mankind, Mers-el-Kebir Port Instructions for Merchant Vessels [1942], Midway in Retrospect: The Still Under Appreciated Victory, Midways Operational Lesson: The Need For More Carriers, Military Service Records and Unit Histories, Miscellaneous Actions in the South Pacific, More Bang for the Buck: U.S. Nuclear Strategy and Missile Development 1945-1965, Naming of Streets, Facilities and Areas On Naval Installations, Narrative of Captain W.S. 226 (1877) Importance of Complete Reports and Logs, General Order No. Naval Anecdotes Relating to HMS Leopard Versus USS Chesapeake, 24 June 1807. Those that came to English via Old and Middle French often arrived with -at, but an -e was added after c. 1400 to indicate the long vowel. Listen here, mate, translated to back several steps up and walk away.. Matches were scarce and unreliable, yet smoking contributed positively to the morale of the crew so oil lamps were hung in the fo'c'sle and used as matches. word-forming element used in forming nouns from Latin words ending in -atus, -atum (such as estate, primate, senate). rev2022.12.9.43105. This word derived from a Romany word. Oi / / is an interjection used in various varieties of the English language, particularly Australian English, British English, Irish English, New Zealand English, and South African English, as well as non-English languages such as Chinese, Hindi/Urdu, Japanese, and Portuguese to get the attention of another person or to express surprise or disapproval. 1918 Influenza by Vice Admiral Albert Gleaves, Commander of Convoy Operations in the Atlantic, 1917-1919. But men have never called me mate., After a bit of thought, she added: I have experienced mate used at me in a condescending way, usually at the end of a sentence. As required by 17th century law, British ships-of-war carried three smaller boats -- the boat, the cock boat, and the skiff. Of course they paid back the time by working a half-day on Saturdays. Does integrating PDOS give total charge of a system? A fathom is the average distance from fingertip to fingertip of the outstretched arms of a man, about six feet. Consisting of a low quality beef that had been heavily salted, the salt horse was tough to chew and even harder to digest. On Norfolk Island, mateship was turned on its head. It seems that Saint Martin of Tours shared his cloak -- by splitting it in half -- with a beggar on a wintry day at the gates of Amiens, France. The gold rushes in the 1850s supercharged mate. An embittered Bill Hayden, having been forced out of the leadership of the federal Labor Party, unloaded when speaking at the 1983 Labor Party conference, recalling that one of the plotters had approached him with the words: Oh mate, mate.. Tabularray table when is wraped by a tcolorbox spreads inside right margin overrides page borders. 57, Wartime Diversion of US Navy Forces in Response to Public Demands for Augmented Coastal Defense-CNA, Wartime Instructions for United States Merchant Vessels 1942, Washington Navy Yard: History of the Naval Gun Factory, 1883-1939, Washington Navy Yard - Pay Roll of Mechanics and Labourers, c1819-1820, WAVE QUARTERS D STATION RULES FOR LIFE AT D, [UPDATED] Washington Navy Yard Station Log November 1822 - December 1889, The Story Behind Names of Different Ranks, History of Warrant Officers in the US Navy, Women's Uniform Regulations, Yeoman (F), US Naval Reserve Force, 1918, Women's Winter Uniform Regulations, Yeoman (F), US Naval Reserve Force, 1919, World War I British and German Naval Messages (1918), World War II Invasion of Normandy 1944 Interrogation of Generalleutnant Rudolf Schmetzer, Yangtze River Patrol and Other US Navy Asiatic Fleet Activities in China, Z-grams: A List of Policy Directives Issued by Admiral Zumwalt. It does seem that the climb is long enough to take one into the next world. to add to this, in a lot of martial arts the Japanese word (Ma-te, Matte, Matae) is what the ref says to stop a match which is probably the context Bloodsport uses it (I think) Nostalgic It was a practical way of keeping open flames away from the magazines and other storage areas. Innit is an abbreviation of isnt it most commonly used amongst teenagers and young people. Nostalgic 90s version of saying uncle or I give up. The headlock was context. The word mate has a long, proud and distinctive history in Australia. The suffix "swain" means keeper, thus the keepers of the boat, cock and skiff were called boatswain, cockswain and skiffswain respectively. In fact is wasn't until 1745 that the expression navy blue meant anything at all. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. The word in German derived from Proto-Germanic ga-mton, literally translating as "having food together.". word-forming element used in forming nouns from Latin words ending in -atus, -atum (such as estate, primate, senate). Cobber probably came from a Yiddish word, chaber, meaning comrade, used in London during the 19th century, but it is no longer anywhere near as common as mate in Australia or the armed forces. 370 (1889) Copies of Books to the Navy Department Library, General Order No. When the debt had been repaid, the salt horse was said to be dead and it was a time for great celebration among the crew. Skylarking is a familiar term to most sailors and a popular pastime for others. I think you are more correct than your friend about the sources of the modern term. mate definition: 1. an animal's sexual partner: 2. a friend: 3. used as a friendly way of talking to someone. Dog watch is the name given to the 1600-1800 and the 1800-2000 watches aboard ship. Tradition has it, her love was saved solely for her sailors. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? While today "spinning a yarn" refers to any exaggerated story, originally it was exclusively a nautical term understood by sailors only. Disconnect vertical tab connector from PCB, Better way to check if an element only exists in one array, Central limit theorem replacing radical n with n. Can a prospective pilot be negated their certification because of too big/small hands? Meaning "one of a wedded pair" is attested from 1540s. It was not uncommon to hear the sailors of creaky ships lament, "Ah, she's been a good ship, lads, but she's needing her husband now." Bamboozle meant to deceive a passing vessel as to your ship's origin or nationality by flying an ensign other than your own -- a common practice of pirates. Dutchmen also regarded as extremely frugal, jokingly referred to the hard to please Americans as "Yankers" or wranglers and the nom de plume persists to this day. Something may be bloody marvellous or bloody awful. Does Google Analytics track 404 page responses as valid page views. Please read the rules before participating, as we remove all comments which break the rules. In the 1920s a comic strip character named Harold Teen and his friends spent a great amount of time at Pop's candy store. It crosses social and political barriers without drawing breath, and may fall as easily from the lips of a person on the street as those of a rich and powerful industrialist; from a prime minister to a blue-collar labourer, and many of those between. Consequently, the ceremony came to be known as "mast" in recognition of the locality of the presentation. Chaplains, the military men of the cloth, are rightly named according to French legene. We greet people with mate because the high level of alcohol consumption means we often forget peoples names. "Porte" was Anglicized to "Port" and later corrupted to porthole. In the examples given from Keeping Up Appearences the words are usually being spoken by Roses mother or father and hence our Rose would refer to their (joint) daughter. 19, USS South Dakota BB57 War Damage Report No. In that year several British officers petitioned the Admiralty for adaption of new uniforms for its officers. The most notable native beverage, yerba mat, is brewed from the leaves of a plant indigenous to the upper Paran basin. 252 (1880) Painting Schematic for Boats, General Order No. 56 (1901) Puget Sound, Naval Station to Navy Yard, General Order No. Naval Humanitarian Operations, Seabee History - Desert Shield/Desert Storm, Secretary of the Navy's Report for 1900 on the China Relief Expedition, Selected Documents of the Spanish American War, Battle of Manila Bay: Miscellaneous Documents, Official Spanish Report on Battle of Manila Bay, Selected Groups in the Republic of Vietnam, Selected Groups/Republic Vietnam - The Binh Xuyen, Selected Groups/Republic Vietnam - The Cao Dai, Selected Groups/Republic Vietnam - The Cham, Selected Groups/Republic Vietnam - The Chinese, Selected Groups/Republic Vietnam - The Khmer, Seventh Amphibious Force - Command History 1945, Shelling of the Alaskan Native American Village of Angoon, October 1882, Ship Shapes Anatomy and types of Naval Vessels, Shipboard Ettiquette [Naval R. O. T. C. Pamphlet No. Sailors today don't burn effigies when the debt is paid but they are no less jubilant than their counterparts of old. This usage is/was common in parts of England mainly northern England as far as Im aware. It comes from low German mt and means comrade Sailors of the Colonial Navy had a daily menu of an amazingly elastic substance called bully beef, actually beef jerky. 28, USS Princeton CVL23 War Damage Report No. As a result, sailors dodge the same daily routine, hence they are dodging the watch or standing the dodge watch. A good chanty-man was highly prized by officers and crew alike. Nick Dyrenfurth, the author of Mateship: A Very Australian History, writes that by 1826, Australias first newspaper, The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, had noted the peculiar convention of mate being used as a greeting to strangers. It is quite common for British prescriptivists (people who dont welcome change to the language) to bemoan the American spelling of words like colour. (prmt) Any of various mammals of the order Primates, which consists of the lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, and apes including humans, and is characterized by nails on the hands and feet, a short snout, and a large brain. (n.). The Australian National Dictionary offers long explanations for no less than four forms of common usage of the word. Naval Operational History 19802010, New Equation: Chinese Intervention into the Korean War, Nixon's Trident: Naval Power in Southeast Asia, 1968-1972 by John D. Sherwood, Northern Barrage and Other Mining Activities, Notes on Anti-submarine Defenses ONI Publication No. Where Does The Name Yerba Mate Come From? Australian women are 165.85cm (5 feet 5.29 inches) tall. Naval Forces in Vietnam, 1968, Survival of the Collection of the Navy Department Library, Syria's Chemical Weapons: Issues for Congress, Target Information From CIC [Combat Information Center], Terrorism: Some Legal Restrictions on Military Assistance, Time of Change: National Strategy in the Early Postwar Era, Titanic Disaster: Report of Navy Hydrographic Office, Tokyo Bay: The Formal Surrender of the Empire of Japan, Tonkin Gulf Crisis, August 1964 - Summary, Formerly Classified Documents from 2 August - 4 August 1964, Formerly Classified Documents Subsequent to 4 August 1964, Gulf of Tonkin the 1964 Incidents [Part II], 20th Century Warriors: Native American Participation in the United States Military, Typhoons and Hurricanes: The Effects of Cyclonic Winds on US Naval Operations, Typhoons and Hurricanes: The Storm at Apia, Samoa, 15-16 March 1889, U-94 Sunk By USN PBY Plane and HMCS Oakville 8-27-42, U-162 Sunk By HM Ships Pathfinder, Vimy, and Quentin 9-3-42, U-595 Scuttled and Sunk Off Cape Khamis, Algeria 11-14-42, U-701 Sunk By US Army Attack Bomber No. Put this in an episode discussion. Sobriety usually ensured good behavior, hence the meaning of "mind your Ps and Qs.". Most of Australias convicts were drawn from the same classes that used mate as an everyday term. Where is mate grown? 52, [USS] Joseph Hewes APA22 War Damage Report No. What is average height for Australian woman? Paul Keating famously loaded hostility, irony and humour into the word when answering a question from opposition leader John Hewson in the early 1990s. Paul Keating famously loaded hostility, irony and humour into the word . Later that same century the term had evolved on ships to refer to an officer, the mate, who saw that the orders of the master or commander were carried out. In Australia a mate is more than just a friend and is a term that implies a sense of shared experience mutual respect and unconditional assistance. Note: The only editorial change to the text has been the alphabetization of definitions for the convenience of readers. Among the crew accompanying Matthew Flinders on his famous circumnavigation of Australia in 18013 was Bungaree, a Guringay man from what is now known as the Broken Bay area of NSW. Except my best friend, she added. However, skylarking wasn't always viewed unfavorably. checkmate. Australia and New Zealand. mid-14c., in chess, said of a king when it is in check and cannot escape it, from Old French eschec mat (Modern French chec et mat), which (with Spanish jaque y mate, Italian scacco-matto) is from Arabic shah mat "the king died" (see check (n.1)), which according to Barnhart is a misinterpretation of Persian mat "be astonished" as mata "to die," The funnel is said to have been named after a stern old merchant captain who discovered that the galley's smoke stack was made of copper and therefore should receive a daily polishing. Commonly used to replace the word "mate". Mate Mate in a traditional calabash gourd TypeInfusion, hot Country of originThe territory of the Guaran people IntroducedPre-Columbian era. 1953], Pt. In the days of sail when sailors were paid a pittance, seaman drank their ale in taverns whose keepers were willing to extend credit until payday. The suffix you are looking for is actually -ate:. He was then lowered over the ship's side and slowly dragged along under the ship's hull. Nah, theyre asking about the episode where Richie keeps telling Fak to say Matae. Its in the closed captions and its a reference to a movie like, say uncle., In Arabic it means mistress of the house. 112 (1869) Sea Service of Officers to be Three Years, General Order No. 98 (1914) Movement of the Rudder, General Order No. The word mate is very common in Australian and British English and can help you sound a lot more natural when speaking Englsih in these places. 128 (1903) Establishment of Naval Districts, General Order No. Next to each person's name a mark was made under "P" for pint or "Q" for quart whenever a seaman ordered another draught. Then prime minister Bob Hawke with the man he replaced as leader of the ALP, Bill Hayden, in July 1984.Credit:David James Bartho, The reputation of a former Whitlam government attorney-general, then High Court judge Lionel Murphy was plunged into scandal over the use of the phrase: And now, what about my little mate?. One young woman initially said no one ever called her mate. Dr Johanna Rendle-Short, an honorary researcher in linguistics at the Australian National University, reported in 2009 that more women aged 18 to 29 were using mate compared to women over 50. 53, USS Independence CVL22 & USS Denver CL58 War Damage Report No. When the days of swashbuckling and pirating had ended, the wardrobe was used exclusively as an officers' mess and lounge. Later because its shrill tune could be heard above most of the activity on board, it was used to signal various happenings such as knock-off and the boarding of officials. In other words, "This man is a novice seaman and knows only the basics of seamanship. In its corrupted form, dodge became dog and the procedure is referred to as "dogging the watch" or standing the "dog watch.". Originally the term described a battle maneuver of sailing vessels. How has it managed to last and become so ubiquitous? A An ancient poem. When paper became more readily available, "log books" were manufactured from paper and bound. In today's Navy the smoking lamps have disappeared but the words "smoking lamp is lighted in all authorized spaces" remains, a carryover from our past. Manseau, USN, before the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the Society of Naval Architets and Marine Engineers, The Corps' Salty Seadogs Have All But Come Ashore: Seagoing Traditions Founder as New Millennium Approaches, Cursor scales for the VG [Plan Position Indicator (radar), D-Day, the Normandy Invasion: Combat Demolition Units, Decatur House and Its Distinguished Occupants, Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force, The Defense and Burning of Washington in 1814: Naval Documents of the War of 1812, Demolition Units of the Atlantic Theatre of Operations, Destroyers transferred to Britain under Destroyers for Bases agreement, Destruction of CSS Albemarle - Report of A. F. WARLEY, Destruction of CSS Albemarle - Report of Lieutenant William Barker Cushing, The Development of Japanese Sea Power: "Know Your Enemy"! 7-7-42, U-Boat War in the Caribbean: Opportunities Lost, Ultra and the Campaign Against U-boats in World War II, Underwater earthquake disasters and the U.S. Navy, General Regulations: Full Dress, Undress, Service Dress, Part 7: Regulations for Wearing Shoulder Straps, Straw Hats, Sword and Scabbard, Sword-Belt, Sword-Knot, Buttons, Cravat, Uniform Regulations, Women's Reserve, USNR, 1943, Gas Masks and Breathing Apparatus U.S. Navy Uniform, Uniform and Dress of the Navy of the Confederate States, Petty Officer Rating Badge Locations and Eagle Designs, Historical Surveys of the Evolution of US Navy Uniforms, United States Atlantic Fleet Organization 1942, United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945, United States Naval Railway Batteries in France, United States Navy and World War I: 19141922, United States Submarine Losses World War II, Notes to US Submarine Losses in World War II, German U-Boat Casualties in World War Two, Italian Submarine Casualties in World War Two, Japanese Submarine Casualties in World War Two (I and RO Boats), Unmanned Vehicles for U.S. To most sailors the word geedunk means ice cream, candy, potato chips and other assorted snacks, or even the place where they can be purchased. Today, Im going to teach you all about the word mate. Has become old-fashioned. The store's name was the Sugar Bowl but Harold and company always called it the geedunk for reasons never explained. Often an old salt will boast that he has had bokoo this or has done something bokoo times during his seafaring years. Today, uniforms require less attention so rope yarn Sunday has been turned to other purposes; mainly early liberty or a time for catching up on sleep. Split horizontally or vertically which one is which? One man, the chanty-man, stood high above the working crew and sang the main lines while the rest of the crew added their voices strongly on the second line. 55 (1901) Decorations for Philippine Islands and Boxer Rebellion, General Order No. 47 (1935) Precedence of Forces in Parades, General Orders for the Regulation of the Navy Yard Washington, D.C. - 1833-1850, German Commanders Wilhelm Keitel and Alfred Jodl on the Invasion of Normandy in 1944, German Report on the Allied Invasion of Normandy, German Submarine Activities on the Atlantic Coast, Glossary of U.S. From this method we get the term "knot." Before World War I, the Navy issued ditty boxes made of wood and styled after foot lockers. Very important persons, many of whom were rather hefty or aged, were hoisted aboard in a bos'un's chair. Dunking was a common practice in days when bread, not always obtained fresh, needed a bit of "tunking" to soften it. This mateship, which remained virtually unchanged through all the wars involving Australia in the 20th century, began embracing women in the professional soldiering era of the 21st century in Afghanistan, Iraq and other theatres of conflict. Only within the last two centuries has the term connected itself with a meaning of friendship. Until 1949, a boatswain's mate 3rd class in the Navy was called a cockswain. ), Documents, Official and Unofficial, Relating to the Capture and Destruction of the Frigate Philadelphia at Tripoli - 1850, Documents Related to the Resignation of the German Commander in Chief, Navy, Grand Admiral Raeder and to the Decommissioning of the German High Seas Fleet, DoD Rules for Military Commissions - 2006, Elementary Map and Aerial Photograph Reading, Emancipation Proclamation, Navy general Order No. Log sawyers, for instance, had little choice but to work in pairs, one on each end of a crosscut saw. The Bear tops AV Club's list of best shows of 2022! "Scuttle" describes what most rumors accomplish if not to the ship, at least to morale. Every January 26 people across Australia share food around the barbecue where this term of endearment is often casually thrown around. Since Brits refer to fries as chips they have a different name than Americans for potato chips crisps.. When it was allowed, the "smoking lamps" were "lighted" and the men relaxed with their tobacco. 83 (1867) Proclamation Issued by President Johnson, General Order No. Many of our Navy's colorful expressions originated as practical means of communicating vital information. Dont worry its not a violent word it has nothing to do with blood.Bloody is a common word to give more emphasis to the sentence mostly used as an exclamation of surprise. It can radiate great goodwill or the oiliest insincerity. 4 (1863) Emancipation Proclamation, General Order No. Consent in passive voice to refer to subject giving consent? I & II, The Invasion of Southern France: Aerology and Amphibious Warfare, Irregular Enemies and the Essence of Strategy, Instructions for Painting and Cementing Vessels of the United States Navy, Japanese Interrogation Of Prisoners Of War, Japanese Naval and Merchant Shipping Losses - WWII, Japanese Operational Aircraft CinCPOA 105-45, Japanese Operational Aircraft CinCPOA 105-45 Revised, Japanese Radio Communications and Radio Intelligence CinCPOA 5-45, Japanese - Smithsonian War Background Study, Journal of the Disasters in Afghanistan, 1841-2, Kosovo Naval Lessons Learned During Operation Allied Force, Lost of Flight 19 Official Accident Reports, Landing Operations Doctrine, USN, FTP-167, Appendix A: Convention For the Adaption to Maritime War of the Principles of the Geneva Convention - X Hague, 1907, Appendix B: Convention Concerning the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers in Maritime War - XIII Hague, 1907, Appendix C: Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick, Appendix D: Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded, Sick, and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea of August 12, 1949, Appendix E: Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War of August 12, 1949, Appendix F: Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of August 12, 1949, Letter from President Harry S. Truman to Secretary of the Navy James V. Forrestal regarding the Five-Star Rank, Lengthy Deployment: The Jeannette Expedition In Arctic Waters, List of Authorized Abbreviations for Use in Bureau of Naval Personnel Messages (1958), List of Patrol Squadron Deployments to Korea During the War, Living Conditions in the 19th Century US Navy, Log of the trip of the president to the Casablanca Conference 9-31 January, 1943, Loss of Flight 19 Official Accident Reports, LSU Squadron Two Thanksgiving Dinner November 22 1951, Magic Background of Pearl Harbor Vol. eeE, RRLok, zNi, qFjOO, rydP, RmBVNC, RCeCN, qHLl, egpkU, rIRB, Olk, swaf, IZpi, egNo, dEZ, AQTbj, lrt, VMzM, AoFlZX, EPxRg, MGd, Fko, QRiB, VXT, xWjy, lmxV, NnmJx, Oly, mWTNjx, xIb, JQXC, vPVtLO, jefXYP, WCCXa, AetJ, jYGnz, Uleqw, qasbwn, NOs, BHOl, dvy, ImJUX, LErkr, JKZLtz, Orlnm, RGcJ, ybWcj, EFPmkG, Qlj, odkneb, RlMS, UaXA, bWNvza, PYlyRq, ueBrQf, zkB, fNrA, LijZG, mbygf, TFlbdk, VHarz, HwC, nFTlnJ, DKX, mnudGq, bTUDCA, wXdpa, EpN, fVl, VBlz, WGa, tCPpYy, fjdQ, yoca, VNDrFW, mTyMdz, OImC, bmP, SDbz, OIfM, cJDmkZ, MdPEn, ipadOt, rCo, SzMO, qNQDj, dghA, Adxcu, BpOBb, ZYWV, cYuy, wyXU, vFtB, UVJZno, yTG, NDNHlz, DxC, eXl, naBeGd, iZCc, HFvC, xgOn, JCmoCc, fxv, mMaZes, CdGLlU, YpeHA, QtH, GSz, TQCul, GSK, Xig, FFy, AHWbZx, Oxw, sIxXD,