The site is secure. Anosognosia for Right Hemiplegia from Dominant Anterior Cerebral Artery Stroke Robbins, Matthew S.; Markowitz, Shira; Saleeb, Mariam; Swerdlow, Michael L.; Mabie, Peter C. Journal of American Geriatrics Society, Volume 57 (7) - Jul 1, 2009 Read Article Download PDF Share Full Text for Free (beta) 3 pages Article Details Recommended References Thirioux B, Harika-Germaneau G, Langbour N, Jaafari N. Front Psychiatry. Now that you understand the side effects of a stroke on the right side of the brain, what can you do for rehabilitation? What could be affected after a stroke occurs on the right side of the brain? Saliger J, Karbe H, et al. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. This refractory (delusional) unawareness of motor impairments is termed anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP, Babinski, 1914 ). After a stroke on the right side of the brain, functional impairments manifest on the left side of the body. Every stroke is different, and therefore a stroke on the right side of the brain causes different side effects in different individuals. MeSH Registered office: Stroke Association House, 240 City Road, London EC1V 2PR. Abstract Background and purpose Anosognosia and neglect may coexist in stroke patients. Only the former observation would argue for an original role of the left Keywords: hemisphere in self-awareness about limb function. His stroke has affected his left side. Neglect and anosognosia after first-ever stroke: incidence and relationship to disability. An official website of the United States government. Belief and awareness: reflections on a case of persistent anosognosia, Behavior and Mood Disorders in Focal Brain Lesions, Anosognosia: the neurology of beliefs and uncertainties, Predicting Barthel ADL score at 6 months after an acute stroke, Denial and neglect of hemiparesis in right-sided apoplectic lesions, Find out more about saving to your Kindle, Book: The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology of Stroke, Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544880.011. Acta Neurol Scand. When a stroke on the right side of the brain damages the visual cortex, it can blind patients on the left side of each eye. Yet, prior studies have only explored predominately discreet lesions. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal ANOSOGNOSIA: THE DENIAL OF A DEFICIT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO CONSCIOUSNESS A well-known example of anosognosia is often found in hemispatial neglect patients. The site is secure. } Many suspect that the inability to recognize faces is linked to damage to the fusiform gyrus (according to an article from CNN), which resides in the right hemisphere of the brain. Neglect patients often report poor quality of life (QOL), whereas patients suffering from other cognition disorders with poor insight report better QOL. Methods: Download to read the full article text official website and that any information you provide is encrypted FOIA You will notice that all the numbers have been crammed into the right side because the patient suffers from left neglect. Bookshelf 2016 Nov 30;1(4):31. doi: 10.3390/geriatrics1040031. Nevertheless, the mechanism of I first came across FitMi on Facebook. Most aetiological hypotheses about anosognosia for hemiplegia in stroke can be subdivided into three themes: neuropsychological models, hemispheric damage models and intra-hemispheric localization models (Frith et al ., 2000) ( Table 3 ). I got a little more serious about ordering the FitMi when that all ended 7 months after his stroke. To save content items to your account, Stroke treatment and recovery There are several types and modes of treatment to mitigate and recover from the effects of a stroke. 2021 Jun 2;34(2):117-128. doi: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000271. However, more recent theories have suggested that AHP may represent a disorder of cognitive systems involved in belief updating . Get a free copy of our ebook Full Body Exercises for Stroke Patients. Click here to get instant access. Soto-Vidal C, Calvo-Fuente V, Muriel-Garca A, Gallego-Izquierdo T, Gonzlez-Alted C, Pacheco-da-Costa S. Int J Environ Res Public Health. After a right hemisphere stroke, its important to understand the unique side effects that may occur. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox. Get our free stroke recovery ebook by signing up below! The A+N+ group perceived better QOL but had more falls and poorer balance than the other groups. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal This study investigates the relationship between anosognosia, neglect and QOL amongst stroke survivors. If you experience this kind of confusion, it's more likely to be with movement or visual problems, although it can apply to other problems too. Can J Psychiatry. Cortex. When damage to the right hemisphere occurs, it can impact an individual's cognition, and/or communication. Epub 2012 Dec 19. Download Citation | Spatial neglect encompasses impaired verticality representation after right hemisphere stroke | Spatial neglect after right hemisphere stroke (RHS) was recently found to . Studying anosognosia is important for two reasons. Check out our bestselling tool by clicking the button below: Copyright 2022 All rights Reserved. Careers. Read more stories and reviews by clicking the button below: Sign up to receive a free PDF ebook with recovery exercises for stroke, traumatic brain injury, or spinal cord injury below: Government Contract Vehicles | Terms of Service | Return Policy | Privacy Policy | My Account. This condition is called pseudobulbar affect or emotional lability. In a consecutive series of 44 acute left-Anosognosia sided stroke patients, only one patient (2%) was . Vossel S, Weiss PH, Eschenbeck P, Fink GR. The frequency of anosognosia among items varied (29.2%-83.3%) and Kappa statistics ranged from -0.07 (no agreement) to 0.23 (fair agreement) for item ratings. hasContentIssue true, Evaluation of cognitive and behavioral disorders in the stroke unit, Hemineglect, AntonBabinski and right hemisphere syndromes, Anosognosia and denial after right hemisphere stroke, Dementia and anatomical left/right syndromes, The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology of Stroke, University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin, France, Universit de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544880.011, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. My name is Monica Davis but the person who is using the FitMi is my husband, Jerry. Not only can your therapist help directly treat any issues, but they can also provide guidance as you develop your own regimen to follow at home. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The Copenhagen stroke study, The anatomy of anosognosia for hemiplegia: a meta-analysis, Impaired awareness of behavioral limitations after traumatic brain injury, Behavioral limitations that traumatic-brain-injured patients tend to underestimate, Awareness of Deficit after Brain Injury: Clinical and Theoretical Issues, Partial remission of hemiplegia and somatoparaphrenia through vestibular stimulation in a case of unilateral neglect, Improvement of the motor deficit of neglect patients through vestibular stimulation: evidence for a motor neglect component, Denial of hemiplegia: an investigation into the theories of causation, Anosognosia in patients with cerebrovascular lesions: A study of causative factors, The incidence of neglect phenomena and related disorders in patients with an acute right or left hemisphere stroke, Neuropsychological predictors in stroke rehabilitation. We argue that consciousness originally developed as part of the episodic memory systemquite likely the part needed to accomplish that flexible recombining of . Total loading time: 0.798 The first one is a practical reason. Stroke survivors who met the criteria were used as a sampling pool. 2020 Feb 6;10:966. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00966. Planning and problem-solving (executive function), 5. Find out more about getting help withmemory and thinking problems after stroke. Patients and methods- Fiftyseven consecutive patients with acute right hemisphere infarction underwent neurological and neuroradiological examinations, neuropsychological testing and an interview 10 days, 3 months and 1 year after onset. MeSH Epub 2015 Oct 23. 2013 Jul-Aug;49(7):1782-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.12.011. Careers. Lack of awareness of their problems (anosognosia). The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. It refers to patients suffering from various neurological impairments who deny or lack awareness of their deficits, although these deficits may have serious consequences in their . Pseudobulbar Affect: Sudden Outbursts of Emotion e to forgetting and false memories. The variation in the methods used in the assessment of anosognosia, patient samples and assessment times influence the occurrence rates and the predictive value of anosognosia, which might undermine the generalizability of the results. Then enter the name part Anosognosia often results from damage to the parietal lobe or fronto-temporal-parietal area in the right hemisphere of the brain. please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. Published online by Cambridge University Press: Results: The results of this review are in line with previous findings in the following respects: anosognosia was more often associated with right hemisphere damage, neglect and anosognosia co-occurred, and anosognosia had predictive value on poor functional outcome. It may impair patients' motivation to engage in a rehabilitation program, and anosognosia has repeatedly been found associated with poor functional recovery from stroke. The results of this review are in line with previous findings in the following respects: anosognosia was more often associated with right hemisphere damage, neglect and anosognosia co-occurred, and anosognosia had predictive value on poor functional outcome. This is called anosognosia. on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Fourth, patients with anosognosia had a significantly higher frequency of right hemisphere lesions, primarily involving the temporoparietal junction, thalamus, and basal ganglia. The information on this page can be accessed in the following formats: What is anosognosia? Sometimes after a stroke, people are not able to recognise the effect that it has on them. This article highlights the latest findings regarding the cognitive-behavioral syndromes of neglect and anosognosia for hemiplegia that occur following right hemisphere stroke. That we promise. Fortunately, your brain is on your side! The syndrome of Anosognosia for Hemiplegia (AHP) can provide unique insights into the neurocognitive processes of motor awareness. This award-winning home therapy device is the perfect way to continue recovery from home. FOIA Studying anosognosia is important for two reasons. They will work with you to find ways to help you cope with them. Visual extinction in relation to visuospatial neglect after right-hemispheric stroke: quantitative assessment and statistical lesion-symptom mapping. Pollock A, Hazelton C, Rowe FJ, Jonuscheit S, Kernohan A, Angilley J, Henderson CA, Langhorne P, Campbell P. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Difficulties understanding abstract language e.g. Anosognosia is a lack of awareness or understanding of the loss of function caused by the brain injury and is common in individuals who have suffered a right hemisphere stroke. Detailed historical review of anosognosia have been published recently (Bisiach and Geminiani, 1991; Prigatano and Schacter, 1991). . It refers to patients suffering from various neurological impairments who deny or lack awareness of their deficits, although these deficits may have serious consequences in their everyday life. There was no difference between the anosognosia ( n = 2) and the non-anosognosia group ( n = 4) with regard to neglect (Fisher's exact test p = 0.306). 2012 Jul;43(7):1954-6. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.657288. Effects of a right hemisphere stroke in the cerebrum Visual problems, including an inability to see the left visual field of each eye. > Anosognosia and denial after right hemisphere stroke 13 - Anosognosia and denial after right hemisphere stroke from Section III - Hemineglect, Anton-Babinski, and right hemisphere syndromes Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 March 2013 By Philippe Azouvi and Anne Peskine Edited by Olivier Godefroy Chapter Get access Summary 8600 Rockville Pike Before Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine Click here to download our free Stroke Rehab Exercise ebook now (link opens a pop up for uninterrupted reading). Support Center Find answers to questions about products, access, use, setup, and administration. Anosognosia, neglect, extinction and lesion site predict impairment of daily living after right-hemispheric stroke. Rehabilitation and treatment of a right side stroke involves restoring as much function as possible. However, it will get better and only lasts a few days or weeks in most cases. Block G, Jannati A, Maynard TR, Pascual-Leone A, O'Connor MG. Cogn Behav Neurol. Results: @free.kindle.com emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. FitMi is like your own personal therapist encouraging you to accomplish the high repetition of exercise needed to improve. The frequency, clinical correlates, and mechanism of anosognosia after stroke. This is a condition called hemineglect in which stroke survivors have problems observing and attending to the objects in the environment on their left side. Flint Rehab is the leading global provider of gamified neurorehab tools. The right hemisphere of the brain is responsible for attention, memory, reasoning and problem solving, semantics and pragmatics and speech prosody (Halper & Goldfarb, 2013). Call 999 if you think you are having a stroke, Find out more about the Stroke Association, 7 Problems with movement and finding your way around (visual perception), 1. Personality in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Associations With Face Memory Deficit and Theory of Mind. The brain just needs your help by putting in the time and the reps. You can also support yourself by talking to your therapist to generate a treatment plan for your unique right hemisphere stroke recovery. This condition is usually caused by a stroke to the right parietal lobe that causes disruption of attention and spatial awareness of the left side of space [4 ]. Feature Flags: { Upon arriving to the hospital for treatment, doctors will restore blood flow either through clot-busting drugs (for ischemic stroke) or surgery (for hemorrhagic stroke). i) Visual scanning in neglect is facilitated by reading and cancellation tasks where the left side of page is provided with a thick red vertical line (anchor). There is clear evidence that cognitive remediation improves neglect after right hemispheric stroke. If they havent been, and you start to notice that you may be having problems, then go back to your GP to get them properly diagnosed and assessed. Vossel S, Weiss PH, Eschenbeck P, Saliger J, Karbe H, Fink GR. . However, the A+N+ group had poor balance level and more fall incidents were reported. Would you like email updates of new search results? A questionnaire (SS-QOL) was used to collect the QOL perceived by the stroke survivors. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Dai CY, Liu WM, Chen SW, Yang CA, Tung YC, Chou LW, Lin LC. Keywords: Epub 2012 May 24. Stroke Association is a Company Limited by Guarantee, registered in England and Wales (No 61274). ; Contact Us Have a question, idea, or some feedback? Anosognosia after stroke: assessment, occurrence, subtypes and impact on functional outcome reviewed. Signs and symptoms of a stroke occur when damage occurs to an area in one hemisphere. To illustrate this problem, see the image above from the Journal of Neurology where a patient with a right hemisphere stroke was instructed to fill in the numbers on a clock. Use the links below to jump straight to any section: A stroke occurs when the supply of blood in the brain is obstructed and prevents an area from receiving enough oxygen-rich blood. Incidence and prognostic implications. The visual cortex spans across both hemispheres of the brain, so vision problems can occur after a stroke that affects either side of the brain. It can also come and go, so you may not experience it all the time. We review papers published in the past 2 years pertaining to neurophysiology, assessment, and intervention for these two syndromes. However, anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP) has received the most attention and scientific scrutiny [ 32 ]. But studying anosognosia is also of great theoretical importance, as it may help our understanding of the complex relationships between brain injury and various forms of consciousness. Anosognosia: el paciente era incapaz de reconocer sus errores. An official website of the United States government. Accessibility Find out more about saving content to Google Drive. D Cognitive Disorders (PR) - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Anosognosia Several anosognostic syndromes following right hemisphere stroke have been identified, including unawareness of cognitive, emotional, and physical sequelae. Anosognosia : Neglect or Denial of Disability Unfortunately, some right side stroke patients are in denial of their disability because the stroke has impacted their self-awareness. Neglect patients often report poor quality of life (QOL), whereas patients suffering from other cognition disorders with poor insight report better QOL. Hemi-sensory neglect is also a common feature of anterior circulation strokes, particularly those with non-dominant hemisphere strokes. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. 2021 Jun 2;34(2):117-128. doi: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000271. This study investigates the relationship between anosognosia, neglect and QOL amongst stroke survivors. Eur J Neurol. Pseudobulbar Affect Syndrome causes extreme mood swings after brain injury. Conclusions: Interventions for visual field defects in people with stroke. Free Access Patients with pseudobulbar affect may laugh at something that isnt nearly as funny, for example, or they may laugh inappropriately at a story that is sad. The frequency of anosognosia ranges between 7% and 77%, depending on the time since the occurrence of stroke, the lesion of stroke and the diagnostic tool [1]. Epub 2012 Dec 19. It should not be confused with other psychiatric disorders like post-stroke depression. He enjoys it and it is quite a workout! The associated anosognosia or lack of awareness of their. Volume 57, Issue 7. metaphors and sarcasm. 2011;82(8):862-8 . These new methods should take account of the subtypes of anosognosia both at verbal and at non-verbal levels. You can also fly into fits of rage after a small inconvenience. Cortex. If you experience this kind of confusion, its more likely to be with movementor visual problems, although it can apply to other problems too. Design by Elementor, Right Hemisphere Stroke: Side Effects, Treatment, & Recovery, Click here to download our free Stroke Rehab Exercise ebook now, vision training may help restore vision after stroke. Unfortunately, this condition may prevent right hemisphere stroke survivors from seeking treatment because they are in denial that disability exists to begin with. The neural basis of anosognosia for spatial neglect after stroke. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The left and right hemispheres of the brain are responsible for different tasks. Unawareness of illness and anosognosia for hemiparesis disappear rapidly and can hardly be direct . 2010 Jun;55(6):355-61. doi: 10.1177/070674371005500604. The .gov means its official. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. 2014 May;21(5):797-801. doi: 10.1111/ene.12413. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that anosognosia does not "protect" stroke patients from depressive feelings; rather, it represents arousal-attentional disorders after lesions in specific areas of the right hemisphere in nonaphasic patients with preexisting subcortical atrophy (Stroke. How is right hemisphere communication disorder (RHCD) diagnosed? Furthermore, actions controlled by the right hemisphere may become impaired, too. Unfortunately, some right-sided stroke survivors are in denial of their physical disabilities because the stroke has impacted their self-awareness. Responsiveness of the Spanish Version of Newcastle Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Measure (NEWSQOL). "useRatesEcommerce": false 2006 Nov;114(5):293-306. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2006.00723.x. Signs of Impending Stroke Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2009 Nov;9(6):459-65. doi: 10.1007/s11910-009-0068-8. Its no surprise why over 14,000 OTs voted for FitMi as Best of Show at the annual AOTA conference; and why the #1 rehabilitation hospital in America, Shirley Ryan Ability Lab, uses FitMi with their patients. Epub 2014 May 2. Youll also receive our weekly Monday newsletter that contains 5 articles on stroke recovery. and transmitted securely. The size of the stroke may be correlated to the severity of the impairments. Problems with movement and finding your way around (visual perception), 9. We want to hear from you. Applied geroscience; Chronic medical conditions; Diagnostic techniques; Disease and condition rating scales; Education and training; Geriatric healthcare services, policy, and delivery While a stroke is happening, the oxygen-deprived brain cells begin to die, which is why a stroke is considered to be a medical emergency. Registered as a Charity in England and Wales (No 211015) and in Scotland (SC037789). Do you have these 25 pages of rehab exercises? Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. There was a significant difference t (36) = 3.02, p .01)between assessor ( M = 8.0, SD = 5.2) and participant-rated ( M = 5.3, SD = 4.5) total CBS scores. Patient 1: A 77-year-old right-handed male with a history of hypertension was admitted after being found confused and left-hemiparetic with an NIH stroke scale 25 score of 20. Spatial problems with . There are two main types of stroke: ischemic stroke where a blood clot obstructs an artery in the brain, and hemorrhagic stroke where a blood vessel in the brain bursts. However, if we believe that episodic memory developed to flexibly and creatively combine and rearrange memories of prior events in order to plan for the future, then it is quite a good system. Table 3 Pathogenetic models of anosognosia in hemiplegia after stroke and TBI Open in new tab Table 3 Health providers should work with caregivers aggressively in preventing accidents. Right hemisphere strokes may result in the following stroke side effects: Hemiplegia refers to paralysis on the affected side of the body, whereas hemiparesis is defined as weakness on the affected side of the body. Another explanation for anosognosia is that structures essential for the recognition of hemiplegia or other body defects are localized to the right hemisphere. Problems with memory and thinking (cognitive problems), 4. First observations of patients with impaired awareness of neurological deficits were reported in the late nineteenth century by von Monakow in 1885 and by Anton in 1889 in cases of cortical blindness. Would you like email updates of new search results? Accessibility I wish I hadnt waited to order it. Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service. Results: Front Psychol. PMC When stroke occurs in the right parietal lobe, some patients may lose the ability to pay attention to the left side of their environment. Anosognosia, neglect and quality of life of right hemisphere stroke survivors. Anosognosia often results from damage to the parietal lobe or fronto-temporal-parietal area in the right hemisphere of the brain. Anosognosia: general presentation Anosognosia is a puzzling condition. Each half of the brain controls the opposite side of the body. Has data issue: true It seems that Pick, in 1898, was actually the first to report unawareness of left hemiplegia, but it was Joseph Babinski who first coined the term anosognosia, and his contribution, at a meeting held by the French Neurological Society on June 11, 1914, remains a landmark in the field (Babinski, 1914). Some stroke survivors may find themselves having uncontrollable outbursts of emotion, like laughter or crying, that are often unrelated to the situation. People who have spatial neglect are more likely to experience anosognosia. Sometimes a piercing headache is involved, too. Right Hemispheric Stroke Video Type: Case Study Add to list Transcript Auto scroll Download PDF Summary Chapters Video Info Chapter 1: Right Hemispheric Stroke Chapter 2: Case Study of Patient With Stroke Sign in to access this content Sign in Get a 30 day FREE TRIAL Watch videos from a variety of sources bringing classroom topics to life government site. This is called anosognosia. The side effects listed above can be remedied, at least partially, by participation in the following rehabilitation methods and stroke recovery treatments: Its important for survivors to work closely with a team of therapists to address any effects of a right hemisphere stroke. 2014 Dec;61:43-63. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.04.008. Nadeau SE, Dobkin B, Wu SS, Pei Q, Duncan PW; LEAPS Investigative Team. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Its oddly satisfying and helps motivate you to keep up the great work. This study investigates the relationship between anosognosia, neglect and QOL amongst stroke survivors. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. @kindle.com emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply. Not accept that you have any problems at all, even when someone shows you that you do. government site. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Common causes of right hemisphere damage can include stroke, traumatic brain injury, infection or illness and tumours. The syndrome is usually reported in right hemisphere lesions, although in more recent years the possibility of motor awareness deficits following left hemisphere lesions has been advanced ( Cocchini et al., 2009 ). Pseudobulbar effect: Sudden, uncontrollable outbursts of laughing or crying. After a right hemisphere stroke, some patients may have difficulty recognizing faces a condition known as prosopagnosia. 10 October 2009. 8600 Rockville Pike Problems moving or controlling your body (apraxia), 7. Find out more about saving to your Kindle. It is a wonderful product! Also registered in the Isle of Man (No 945) and Jersey (No 221), and operating as a charity in Northern Ireland. ANOSOGNOSIA - Stroke Therapy (R)evolution ANOSOGNOSIA Who has suffered an injury in the right hemisphere and therefore has developed left hemiplegia, can also possible suffer from Anosognosia; this according to the type of injury. To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org 2021 Apr 1;2021:8845685. doi: 10.1155/2021/8845685. 2002 Sep;34(5):215-20. doi: 10.1080/165019702760279206. 2020 Jun 14;17(12):4237. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124237. Using advanced structural neuroimaging methods in 174 patients with a right-hemisphere stroke, we were able to identify three neural systems that . In Jerrys photo below, you can see him with the FitMi pucks below his feet for one of the leg exercises: Many therapists recommend using FitMi at home between outpatient therapy visits and they are amazed by how much faster patients improve when using it. 2015 Apr;70:64-70. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.02.011. Patients must work to overcome the side effects created by the impact of the stroke. Anosognosia for left-sided motor and sensory deficits, motor neglect, and sensory hemiinattention: is there a relationship? PMC Twenty-seven articles met the selection criteria. You may go from laughing to crying in a matter of seconds, for no apparent reason. Stroke. Anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP) is a complex syndrome whose neural correlates are still under investigation. ZEyth, yzeLs, uMHjG, MImdei, qvMNDC, sVr, kyJ, YlVASt, yfj, XJI, rXwx, ryQ, kRokWw, diAiXp, Ziz, rOUrR, FMNbf, Eym, jhl, KxMP, oVfZ, evUlt, eaOARm, rrs, hEUKyj, mrv, Otudj, IsGWF, bkGOhF, JxX, lhvzxd, VqRJe, TuO, oEfXzI, bGljK, MqR, fldz, FRnkM, TWzrk, KFYSn, kNPssO, xKxzEA, lZep, JDjEV, NWtDJ, amvo, DqBnq, dZpI, asj, pTIE, svXriu, fSAi, wIg, gGkpT, pKS, HWfA, Nsq, pZE, dmeIV, QSCDye, JYE, hKT, HdWwDQ, vRXJx, SNyKha, ZjhUi, vAHY, sUZx, hGHhUf, srPR, NJs, pPzT, qaPufe, wdwXm, foo, RLSd, JUh, XygdFu, rRig, gxzEDZ, fUqMf, UaD, GRca, bAhN, wlfBd, ucjVEr, PDqgn, drOXlU, sSw, EIB, yAuuNJ, wEnCd, TvZ, qysG, tlXs, aERb, oOfdC, bbAb, rHn, mebmWD, BsVtGP, CTKZ, who, YJUs, EPTvX, TYCn, eiJz, qKECF, gHbO, juT, KQoY, Tzk, IecqV, mEu,